Efeito do processamento mecânico e tempos de estocagem no valor nutritivo de silagens de sorgo planta inteira
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Data
2021-01-25
Autores
Oliveira, Maria Helena de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do processamento mecânico na massa de forragem antes da ensilagem, bem como maiores tempos de estocagem de silagens de híbrido granífero de sorgo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 2x5, sendo duas silagens de sorgo (com e sem processamento) e cinco tempos de estocagem (35, 70, 105, 140, 175 dias). O processamento mecânico foi realizado com rolos processadores lisos, que girando em sentido contrário proporcionaram o esmagamento da massa. A produtividade da cultura foi de 28 t MV ha-1 e 11,9 t MS ha-1, demosntrando bom potencial produtivo e de diluição dos custos de produção. A contribuição dos componentes da planta colmo, folhas e panícula, foram de 9; 4,2 e 14 t ha-1, respectivamente. A maior participação dos grãos da panícula das plantas e atraso na colheita resultou em maiores teores de MS (média 42%) no estádio farináceo-duro dos grãos, momento do corte. O processamento mecânico antes da ensilagem promoveu quebra dos grãos e causou incremento nos teores de amido das silagens, diluindo as concentrações de FDN e FDA, as quais apresentaram redução (P < 0,01) com uso do processamento, resultando em aumento linear para NDT. O aumento dos dias de estocagem dos materiais provomeu redução das concentrações de PB e aumento do N-NH3 (P <0,01). Os valores de pH reduziram com os dias de estocagem (P <0,01), apresentado médias de 3,9. As silagens submetidas ao processamento mecânico apresentaram os melhores valores para amido, FDN e FDA, resultado do esmagamento dos grãos e diluição das frações fibrosas do material. O aumento dos dias de estocagem do material resultou em silagem com melhores valores de amido e NDT além de promover redução do tamanho teórico de partículas dos materiais ensilados.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the mechanical processing of the forage mass before ensiling, as well as the length of storage for grain sorghum silages. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replications, in a 2x5 factorial scheme, two sorghum silages (processed or not) and five storage lengths for the ensiled materials (35, 70, 105, 140, 175 days). The processed treatment was done by processor rolls which by turning in the opposite direction provided the crushing of the forage mass before ensiling. The crop productivity was 28 t GM ha-1 and 12 t DM ha-1, assuring high yields and dilution of production costs. The contribution of the plant components steam, leaves and panicle was 9; 4.2 and 14 t ha-1, respectively. The high percentage of grains in the panicle of the plants and delay of harvesting resulted in higher levels of DM (42%) at the time of cutting. Mechanical processing before ensiling was significant (P<0,05) in promoting grain breakage, resulting in an increase in starch and TDN content in silages and thus reducing the NDF and ADF concentrations, which also had an effect (P <0.05) for processing. The increase in storage length of the materials resulted in a reduction in the concentrations of PB and an increase in N-NH3. The pH lowered as a function of for storage length (P <0.01), means of 3.9. The silages mechanically processed showed the best values for Starch, NDF and ADF, due to the kernel breakage and dilution of the fibrous contents of the material. Storage length linearly improved starch and TDN contents and reduced the theoretical particle mean of the ensiled materials.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the mechanical processing of the forage mass before ensiling, as well as the length of storage for grain sorghum silages. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replications, in a 2x5 factorial scheme, two sorghum silages (processed or not) and five storage lengths for the ensiled materials (35, 70, 105, 140, 175 days). The processed treatment was done by processor rolls which by turning in the opposite direction provided the crushing of the forage mass before ensiling. The crop productivity was 28 t GM ha-1 and 12 t DM ha-1, assuring high yields and dilution of production costs. The contribution of the plant components steam, leaves and panicle was 9; 4.2 and 14 t ha-1, respectively. The high percentage of grains in the panicle of the plants and delay of harvesting resulted in higher levels of DM (42%) at the time of cutting. Mechanical processing before ensiling was significant (P<0,05) in promoting grain breakage, resulting in an increase in starch and TDN content in silages and thus reducing the NDF and ADF concentrations, which also had an effect (P <0.05) for processing. The increase in storage length of the materials resulted in a reduction in the concentrations of PB and an increase in N-NH3. The pH lowered as a function of for storage length (P <0.01), means of 3.9. The silages mechanically processed showed the best values for Starch, NDF and ADF, due to the kernel breakage and dilution of the fibrous contents of the material. Storage length linearly improved starch and TDN contents and reduced the theoretical particle mean of the ensiled materials.
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Palavras-chave
Silagem, Esmagamento, Sorgo granífero, Forage conservation, Squeeze, Grain sorghum