O desenvolvimento de jogos com base no Programa Teacch® para alunos com TEA
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Data
2020-12-03
Autores
Verdiani, Carlos Eduardo Sampaio
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Já há alguns anos a realidade escolar vem enfrentando constantes mudanças, em decorrência da implantação de novas políticas públicas, mudanças essas que afetam todos os níveis de funcionamento da escola como instituição, desde seus projetos pedagógicos até chegar a seu corpo discente. Nesse aspecto, ressaltamos as dificuldades relatadas por professores para lidar em sala de aula com o cotidiano do trabalho com o aluno com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). A ênfase na aprendizagem através do lúdico mostrou-se muito produtiva nesse aspecto, mais especificamente através do jogo com o Programa Teacch®. Levando a problemática em conta de como desenvolver jogos baseados no Programa Teacch® que possam ajudar no desenvolvimento de alunos com TEA, onde, partindo desse questionamento foi traçado o objetivo geral desta dissertação que foi desenvolver jogos adaptados com base no Programa Teacch® para alunos com TEA oportunizando e facilitando o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, além dos objetivos específicos que foram a elaboração e aplicação de jogos adaptados com base no Programa Teacch® e a analise segundo a ótica do professor sobre a usabilidade do produto em sala de aula, observando se houve impacto no processo de ensino e aprendizagem das disciplinas trabalhadas e se os momentos de aplicação dos jogos tornaram-se lúdicos para os alunos com TEA. Para tal foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e de desenvolvimento - já que o estudo envolveu a criação de um produto educacional – caixa de jogos. Para a coleta de dados foram feitas pesquisas e análises em instituições e documentos, assim como a aplicação do produto, quando foi analisada e validada, através de questionários e roda de conversas, a usabilidade desses jogos em sala de aula sob a ótica do professor. A aplicação do produto trouxe dados, relatos e resultados relevantes para essa temática junto com uma grande contribuição no que se refere ao desenvolvimento e usabilidade em sala de aula de jogos para a facilitação do processo de ensino e aprendizagem do aluno com TEA tornando lúdico esse processo. Os resultados mostraram que essa facilitação foi conseguida, visto que todos os objetivos propostos foram alcançados, principalmente a constatação de que o aluno com TEA apresentou mais facilidade no aprendizado nas diversas disciplinas trabalhadas e também no seu aspecto psicomotor com o uso do jogo na percepção de seus professores de sala de aula. Os resultados revelaram ainda uma forma diferente e divertida de aprender para os alunos, além de facilitar a interação com seus colegas de classe, tornando esses momentos de aprendizado e de socialização lúdicos e prazerosos. Concluiu-se que os cinco jogos adaptados e baseados no Programa Teacch® permitiram que o aluno com TEA tivesse a oportunidade de percorrer um caminho viável no que diz respeito ao seu processo de aprendizagem segundo a ótica do professor. Desse modo, a pesquisa mostrou que a tríade: Lúdico, Programa Teacch® e TEA é um importante instrumento para que alunos e professores usufruam da oportunidade de ensinar e aprender de maneira lúdica.
For some years now, the school reality has been facing constant changes, due to the implementation of new public policies, changes that affect all levels of functioning of the school as an institution, from its pedagogical projects to reaching its student body. In this regard, we highlight the difficulties reported by teachers to deal in the classroom with the daily work with students with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The emphasis on learning through play proved to be very productive in this regard, more specifically through playing with the Teacch® Program. Taking into account the problem of how to develop games based on the Teacch® Program that can help in the development of students with ASD, where, based on this questioning, the general objective of this dissertation was outlined, which was to develop adapted games based on the Teacch® Program for students with ASD providing opportunities and facilitating the teaching and learning process, in addition to the specific objectives that were the elaboration and application of games adapted based on the Teacch® Program and the analysis according to the teacher's perspective on the usability of the product in the classroom, observing if there was an impact on the teaching and learning process of the subjects worked on and if the moments of application of the games became playful for students with ASD. To this end, a qualitative, exploratory and developmental research was carried out - since the study involved the creation of an educational product - game box. For data collection, research and analysis were carried out in institutions and documents, as well as the application of the product, when it was analyzed and validated, through questionnaires and conversations, the usability of these games in the classroom from the teacher's perspective. The application of the product brought relevant data, reports and results for this theme together with a great contribution with regard to the development and usability in the games classroom to facilitate the teaching and learning process of students with ASD making this process playful. The results showed that this facilitation was achieved, since all the proposed objectives were achieved, mainly the finding that the student with ASD had an easier time learning in the various disciplines worked and also in his psychomotor aspect with the use of the game in the perception of your classroom teachers. The results also revealed a different and fun way to learn for students, in addition to facilitating interaction with their classmates, making these moments of learning and socializing playful and pleasurable. It was concluded that the five games adapted and based on the Teacch® Program allowed the student with ASD to have the opportunity to follow a viable path with regard to their learning process according to the teacher's perspective. Thus, the research showed that the triad: Playful, Teacch® Program and ASD is an important instrument for students and teachers to enjoy the opportunity to teach and learn in a playful way.
For some years now, the school reality has been facing constant changes, due to the implementation of new public policies, changes that affect all levels of functioning of the school as an institution, from its pedagogical projects to reaching its student body. In this regard, we highlight the difficulties reported by teachers to deal in the classroom with the daily work with students with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The emphasis on learning through play proved to be very productive in this regard, more specifically through playing with the Teacch® Program. Taking into account the problem of how to develop games based on the Teacch® Program that can help in the development of students with ASD, where, based on this questioning, the general objective of this dissertation was outlined, which was to develop adapted games based on the Teacch® Program for students with ASD providing opportunities and facilitating the teaching and learning process, in addition to the specific objectives that were the elaboration and application of games adapted based on the Teacch® Program and the analysis according to the teacher's perspective on the usability of the product in the classroom, observing if there was an impact on the teaching and learning process of the subjects worked on and if the moments of application of the games became playful for students with ASD. To this end, a qualitative, exploratory and developmental research was carried out - since the study involved the creation of an educational product - game box. For data collection, research and analysis were carried out in institutions and documents, as well as the application of the product, when it was analyzed and validated, through questionnaires and conversations, the usability of these games in the classroom from the teacher's perspective. The application of the product brought relevant data, reports and results for this theme together with a great contribution with regard to the development and usability in the games classroom to facilitate the teaching and learning process of students with ASD making this process playful. The results showed that this facilitation was achieved, since all the proposed objectives were achieved, mainly the finding that the student with ASD had an easier time learning in the various disciplines worked and also in his psychomotor aspect with the use of the game in the perception of your classroom teachers. The results also revealed a different and fun way to learn for students, in addition to facilitating interaction with their classmates, making these moments of learning and socializing playful and pleasurable. It was concluded that the five games adapted and based on the Teacch® Program allowed the student with ASD to have the opportunity to follow a viable path with regard to their learning process according to the teacher's perspective. Thus, the research showed that the triad: Playful, Teacch® Program and ASD is an important instrument for students and teachers to enjoy the opportunity to teach and learn in a playful way.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Lúdico, Jogo, Programa Teacch®, Transtorno do Espectro Autista, Playful, Game, Teacch® Program, Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Ludic, Juego, Trastorno del Espectro Autista