Effect of temperature, leaf wetness, and rainfall on the production of Guignardia citricarpa ascospores and on back spot severity on sweet orange
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Data
2006-02-01
Autores
Reis, Renato F. [UNESP]
Timmer, Lavern W.
Goes, Antonio de [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia
Resumo
A pinta preta dos frutos cítricos (Citrus sp.)é causada por Guignardia citricarpa e a produção de ascósporos depende da temperatura, molhamento foliar e chuva. O número de ascósporos foi monitorado usando uma armadilha de esporos e os fatores climáticos foram avaliados usando uma estação automotizada em pomares de laranja (Citrus sinensis) Natal e Valência, no período de novembro de 2000 a março de 2001 no município de Mogi-Guaçu/SP, Brasil. em ambos os pomares, os frutos foram ensacados para prevenir a infecção natural, e os sacos foram removidos semanalmente em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento dos frutos durante 18 semanas. Ascósporos foram produzidos durante todo o período do experimento especialmente primeiramente depois da ocorrência de chuvas. em ambos os pomares o pico de produção de ascósporos ocorreu em janeiro e fevereiro. A produção de ascósporos foi correlacionada com o molhamento foliar apenas para o pomar de laranja Natal, mas não foi correlacionada com o total de chuva ou temperatura para as duas variedades. A doença foi mais severa em frutos expostos na 7ª, 8ª e 13ª semana, após o início do experimento para ambas variedades e, na 16ª semana para a variedade Natal. Verificou-se uma forte correlação entre severidade da doença e quantidade total de chuva para ambas variedades e uma fraca correlação entre temperatura e severidade para o pomar de laranja Natal. Não houve correlação entre severidade e molhamento foliar ou com o número de ascósporos.
The black spot of citrus (Citrus sp.) is caused by Guignardia citricarpa with ascospore production depending on temperature, leaf wetness, and rainfall. The number of ascospores produced was monitored using a spore trap and climatic factors were recorded using an automated meteorological station of 'Natal' and 'Valencia' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) orchards in Mogi Guaçu in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from November 2000 to March 2001. The fruits were bagged to prevent infection and the bags removed from different sets of fruit for one week during each of the 18 weeks of the season in both orchards. Ascospores were produced during the entire experimental period, from spring through summer, primarily after rain events. In both orchards, ascospore production reached a peak in January and February. Ascospore production was related to leaf wetness only in the Natal orange orchard but was not related to total rainfall or temperature in either orchard. Disease was most severe on fruit exposed the 7th, 8th, and 13th weeks after beginning the experiment in both cultivars as well as after the 16th week for 'Natal'. There was a strong relationship between disease severity and total rainfall for both orchards and a weak correlation between temperature and severity in the 'Natal' block only. There was no relationship between severity and leaf wetness or ascospore numbers.
The black spot of citrus (Citrus sp.) is caused by Guignardia citricarpa with ascospore production depending on temperature, leaf wetness, and rainfall. The number of ascospores produced was monitored using a spore trap and climatic factors were recorded using an automated meteorological station of 'Natal' and 'Valencia' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) orchards in Mogi Guaçu in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from November 2000 to March 2001. The fruits were bagged to prevent infection and the bags removed from different sets of fruit for one week during each of the 18 weeks of the season in both orchards. Ascospores were produced during the entire experimental period, from spring through summer, primarily after rain events. In both orchards, ascospore production reached a peak in January and February. Ascospore production was related to leaf wetness only in the Natal orange orchard but was not related to total rainfall or temperature in either orchard. Disease was most severe on fruit exposed the 7th, 8th, and 13th weeks after beginning the experiment in both cultivars as well as after the 16th week for 'Natal'. There was a strong relationship between disease severity and total rainfall for both orchards and a weak correlation between temperature and severity in the 'Natal' block only. There was no relationship between severity and leaf wetness or ascospore numbers.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Citrus sinensis, Phyllosticta citricarpa, fatores climáticos, Citrus sinensis, Phyllosticta citricarpa, climatic factors
Como citar
Fitopatologia Brasileira. Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia, v. 31, n. 1, p. 29-34, 2006.