Desempenho de Mucuna pruriens na fitorremediação de solo com vinhaça e tebuthiuron
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Data
2021-02-22
Autores
Frias, Yanca Araujo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O tebuthiuron é um herbicida muito usado na cultura de cana-de-açúcar que apresenta alta persistência no solo e elevado potencial tóxico. Adicionalmente, em áreas canavieiras, a vinhaça também é frequentemente utilizada em práticas de fertirrigação. Contudo, ambos podem ocasionar impactos ao meio ambiente. Dessa maneira, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho da mucuna-cinza (Mucuna pruriens L. DC.) como adubo verde na rotação de cultura da cana e na remediação de tebuthiuron em solo com vinhaça. A eficiência do processo de fitorremediação foi avaliada quanto: ao desenvolvimento vegetal e à ecotoxicidade do meio. Para isso, um experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação utilizando vasos com solo, com doses de tebuthiuron: zero, 0,25x, 0,50x, 0,75x, e a dose recomendada (1,00x); e volumes de vinhaça: ausência, 0,50x, 1,0x e o 2,0x. A Crotalaria juncea foi utilizado como espécie sentinela no estudo sobre fitorremediação, sendo determinado o diâmetro do colo, a altura da planta e o número de folhas; e, massa fresca e seca final. A ecotoxicidade das amostras de solo nos tratamentos foi determinada nos tempos inicial (zero) e final (140 dias), utilizando sementes de Lactuna sativa como organismos-teste. Conforme seu desenvolvimento vegetal, maior efeito negativo foi encontrado na presença de uma e de duas vezes o volume recomendado de vinhaça, ocasionando mortalidade e até a não germinação de sementes, concluindo que a utilização da mucuna-cinza não pode ser indicada para uso como adubo verde em solo com alta concentração desses compostos. Ainda, conforme o desenvolvimento de C. juncea, observa-se que, a presença de vinhaça e tebuthiuron no solo foi prejudicial para o desenvolvimento da planta. A análise de quantificação de tebuthiuron no solo revelou que a concentração foi menor nas unidades experimentais que não receberam aplicação de vinhaça. Quanto ao teste de ecotoxicidade, a presença da vinhaça no solo apresentou um potencial tóxico para sementes de L. sativa no início das avaliações, entretanto, na avaliação tardia (t140), esse efeito foi reduzido.
Tebuthiuron is a herbicide widely used in sugarcane culture that presents high persistence in soil and high toxic potential. Additionally, in sugarcane growing areas, vinasse is also frequently used in fertigation practices. However, both can cause impacts on the environment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens L. DC.) as a green manure in sugarcane crop rotation and in the remediation of tebuthiuron in soil with vinasse. The efficiency of the phytoremediation process was evaluated in terms of plant development and ecotoxicity of the medium. For this, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using pots with soil, with doses of tebuthiuron: zero, 0.25x, 0.50x, 0.75x, and the recommended dose (1.00x); and vinasse volumes: absence, 0.50x, 1.0x, and 2.0x. Crotalaria juncea was used as a sentinel species in the phytoremediation study, and neck diameter, plant height, and number of leaves were determined, as well as final fresh and dry mass. The ecotoxicity of the soil samples in the treatments was determined at the initial (zero) and final (140 days) times, using Lactuna sativa seeds as test organisms. According to their plant development, the greatest negative effect was found in the presence of one and two times the recommended volume of vinasse, causing mortality and even non-germination of seeds, concluding that the use of velvet bean cannot be indicated for use as a green manure in soil with a high concentration of these compounds. Also, according to the development of C. juncea, the presence of vinasse and tebuthiuron in the soil was harmful to the development of the plant. The quantification analysis of tebuthiuron in the soil revealed that the concentration was lower in the experimental units that did not receive vinasse application. As for the ecotoxicity test, the presence of stillage in the soil presented a toxic potential for L. sativa seeds at the beginning of the evaluations, however, in the late evaluation (t140), this effect was reduced.
Tebuthiuron is a herbicide widely used in sugarcane culture that presents high persistence in soil and high toxic potential. Additionally, in sugarcane growing areas, vinasse is also frequently used in fertigation practices. However, both can cause impacts on the environment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens L. DC.) as a green manure in sugarcane crop rotation and in the remediation of tebuthiuron in soil with vinasse. The efficiency of the phytoremediation process was evaluated in terms of plant development and ecotoxicity of the medium. For this, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using pots with soil, with doses of tebuthiuron: zero, 0.25x, 0.50x, 0.75x, and the recommended dose (1.00x); and vinasse volumes: absence, 0.50x, 1.0x, and 2.0x. Crotalaria juncea was used as a sentinel species in the phytoremediation study, and neck diameter, plant height, and number of leaves were determined, as well as final fresh and dry mass. The ecotoxicity of the soil samples in the treatments was determined at the initial (zero) and final (140 days) times, using Lactuna sativa seeds as test organisms. According to their plant development, the greatest negative effect was found in the presence of one and two times the recommended volume of vinasse, causing mortality and even non-germination of seeds, concluding that the use of velvet bean cannot be indicated for use as a green manure in soil with a high concentration of these compounds. Also, according to the development of C. juncea, the presence of vinasse and tebuthiuron in the soil was harmful to the development of the plant. The quantification analysis of tebuthiuron in the soil revealed that the concentration was lower in the experimental units that did not receive vinasse application. As for the ecotoxicity test, the presence of stillage in the soil presented a toxic potential for L. sativa seeds at the beginning of the evaluations, however, in the late evaluation (t140), this effect was reduced.
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Palavras-chave
Biorremediação, Crotalaria juncea, Ecotoxicidade, Herbicida, Bioremediation, Crotalaria juncea, Ecotoxicity, Herbicide