Ultrassonografia Modo B de Alta Definição do Sistema Reprodutor de Cadelas na Fase Folicular do Ciclo Estral
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Data
2021-02-25
Autores
Aires, Luiz Paulo Nogueira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivou-se avaliar ultrassonograficamente o útero e os ovários de cadelas durante a fase folicular do ciclo estral utilizando a tecnologia HD. Oito fêmeas hígidas, foram avaliadas em cinco momentos diferentes ao longo do proestro e estro, determinados com auxílio de exames colpocitológicos e dosagem sérica de progesterona. Os exames ultrassonográficos foram realizados com o aparelho ACUSON S2000/SIEMENS equipado com um transdutor multifrequencial (5,5 a 18MHz) com a tecnologia HD e imagem harmônica. Vídeos da varredura dos ovários foram obtidos e avaliados em software de visualização de imagens médicas em formato DICOM para mensuração das estruturas ovarianas, as quais foram contadas e separadas em quatro grupos em relação ao seu diâmetro:G1: até 1mm; G2: de 1,01mm a 3,5mm; G3 de 3,51mm a 5,5mm; G4: de 5,51mm a 10mm. Os dados quantitativos foram inicialmente testados quanto à homocedasticidade das variâncias (Teste de Bartlett) e a distribuição normal dos resíduos (Teste de Shapiro-wilk). As medidas reais ou transformadas, resultantes do exame ultrassonográfico foram comparadas entre os momentos pelo teste da ANOVA e correlacionadas entre si pelo teste de Spearman e a significância foi fixada em 5% para todos os testes. Foi possível observar que houve um aumento significativo da espessura uterina com a progressão do ciclo (P < 0,05). A parede uterina apresentou aspecto “multicamadas”, sendo possível identificar seis porções de ecogenicidade distintas. As dimensões ovarianas também aumentaram de forma significativa (P < 0,05) com a progressão dos momentos de avaliação. Uma pequena quantidade de líquido anecogênico ao redor dos ovários foi observada após a ovulação. Uma reatividade tecidual ao redor dos ovários também foi observada em todos os momentos de avaliação. Houve diferença significativa quanto à quantidade de estruturas ovarianas de cada grupo entre os momentos (P < 0,05). Houve também diferença estatística na mensuração da maior estrutura ovariana e na espessura média da parede das estruturas em relação aos momentos de avaliação (P < 0,05). A ultrassonografia HD proporcionou ótima resolução de imagem, permitindo melhor caracterização dos tecidos reprodutivos da cadela e suas mudanças ao longo do período estral, permitindo a identificação de achados inéditos na literatura.
The aim of this study was to sonographically evaluate the uterus and ovaries of bitches in the follicular phase of the estrous cycle using the HD technology. Eight healthy females were evaluated at five different times along the proestrus and estrus, determined with the aid of colpocytological exams and serum progesterone levels. The ultrasound examinations were performed with the ACUSON S2000 / SIEMENS machine equipped with a multifrequency transducer (5.5 to 18MHz) with HD technology and tissue harmonic imaging. Videos of the scan of the ovaries were obtained and evaluated using a software to visualize medical images in DICOM format to measure the ovarian structures, which were counted and separated into four groups in regarding their diameter: G1: up to 1mm; G2: from 1.01mm to 3.5mm; G3 from 3.51mm to 5.5mm; G4: from 5.51mm to 10mm. Quantitative data were initially tested for the homoscedasticity of variances (Bartlett's test) and the normal distribution of residues (Shapiro-wilk test). Measurements resulting from the ultrasound examination were compared between the moments by the ANOVA test and correlated with each other by the Spearman test and the significance was set at 5% for all tests. It was possible to observe that there was a significant increase in uterine thickness with the progression of the cycle (P <0.05). The uterine wall had a “multilayer” aspect, making it possible to identify six distinct echogenic zones. The ovarian dimensions also increased significantly (P <0.05) with the progression of the moments. A small amount of anechogenic fluid around the ovaries was observed after ovulation. Tissue reactivity around the ovaries was also observed at all times of assessment. There was a significant difference in the number of ovarian structures in each group between the moments (P <0.05). There was also a statistical difference in the measurement of the largest ovarian structure and in the average wall thickness of the structures in relation to the moments of evaluation (P <0.05). HD ultrasonography provided excellent image resolution, allowing a better characterization of the bitch's reproductive tissues and their changes over the estrous period, allowing the identification of novel findings in the literature.
The aim of this study was to sonographically evaluate the uterus and ovaries of bitches in the follicular phase of the estrous cycle using the HD technology. Eight healthy females were evaluated at five different times along the proestrus and estrus, determined with the aid of colpocytological exams and serum progesterone levels. The ultrasound examinations were performed with the ACUSON S2000 / SIEMENS machine equipped with a multifrequency transducer (5.5 to 18MHz) with HD technology and tissue harmonic imaging. Videos of the scan of the ovaries were obtained and evaluated using a software to visualize medical images in DICOM format to measure the ovarian structures, which were counted and separated into four groups in regarding their diameter: G1: up to 1mm; G2: from 1.01mm to 3.5mm; G3 from 3.51mm to 5.5mm; G4: from 5.51mm to 10mm. Quantitative data were initially tested for the homoscedasticity of variances (Bartlett's test) and the normal distribution of residues (Shapiro-wilk test). Measurements resulting from the ultrasound examination were compared between the moments by the ANOVA test and correlated with each other by the Spearman test and the significance was set at 5% for all tests. It was possible to observe that there was a significant increase in uterine thickness with the progression of the cycle (P <0.05). The uterine wall had a “multilayer” aspect, making it possible to identify six distinct echogenic zones. The ovarian dimensions also increased significantly (P <0.05) with the progression of the moments. A small amount of anechogenic fluid around the ovaries was observed after ovulation. Tissue reactivity around the ovaries was also observed at all times of assessment. There was a significant difference in the number of ovarian structures in each group between the moments (P <0.05). There was also a statistical difference in the measurement of the largest ovarian structure and in the average wall thickness of the structures in relation to the moments of evaluation (P <0.05). HD ultrasonography provided excellent image resolution, allowing a better characterization of the bitch's reproductive tissues and their changes over the estrous period, allowing the identification of novel findings in the literature.
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Palavras-chave
Ciclo estral, Útero, Canino, High Density, Folículo ovariano, Corpo lúteo, Estrous cycle, Uterus, Canine, Ovarian follicle, Corpus luteum