Irrigação com água residuária doméstica via aspersão ou gotejamento subsuperficial na grama esmeralda
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Data
2020-11-03
Autores
Souza, Camila Aparecida Nunes de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As gramas são as principais espécies de plantas utilizadas em projetos paisagísticos e nos grandes centros urbanos. A irrigação de gramados ornamentais é um dos muitos competidores pelo uso da água potável. Uma alternativa que pode contribuir com o uso racional da água nesta prática, seria substituir a fonte potável pela água residuária doméstica, que apresenta níveis consideráveis de nutrientes como nitrogênio e fósforo. Com o presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do uso contínuo de água residuária doméstica na qualidade dos gramados e nos atributos físicos e químicos do solo, aplicada via aspersão ou via gotejamento subsuperficial. O trabalho foi realizado no Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Solos e Ambiente da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu/UNESP. O delineamento adotado no experimento foi inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em dois sistemas de irrigação (aspersão e gotejamento subsuperficial), quatro lâminas com água residuária doméstica proveniente da Estação de Tratamento de Efluentes (ETE) de Botucatu-SP, com 50%(T1), 100% (T2), 150% (T3), 200% (T4) da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) e tratamento controle (T0), com água potável fornecida pela Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo (SABESP) de Botucatu, SP, repondo 100% da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo). Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: massa seca das aparas, teor de nutrientes nas folhas, medida indireta de clorofila (MIC), índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI), índice de grama (IG), concentração de nutrientes e sódio no solo, argila dispersa em água e estabilidade de agregados. Os sistemas de irrigação foram semelhantes para as avaliações realizadas, com algumas diferenças pontuais. As maiores lâminas de água residuária doméstica proporcionaram maiores índices de qualidade no gramado e maior teor de sódio no solo.
The turfs are the main species of plants used in landscaping projects and in large urban centers, irrigation of ornamental turfgrasses is one of the many competitors for the use of potable water. An alternative that can contribute to the rational use of water in this practice, would be substituted the drinking source for domestic wastewater, which presents considerable levels of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the continuous use of domestic wastewater on the quality of the turfgrass and on the physical and chemical attributes of the soil, applied by sprinkling or subsurface dripping. The work was conducted at the Department Forest, Soil and Environment Science located at Faculty of Agricultural Sciences – Unesp/ Botucatu. The design adopted in the experiment was completely randomized, with split plots and four replications. The treatments consisted of two irrigation systems (sprinkling and subsurface dripping), four slides with domestic wastewater from the Wastewater Treatment Station (ETE) in Botucatu-SP with 50% (T1), 100% (T2), 150% (T3), 200% (T4) of daily evapotranspiration and control treatment (T0), with potable water provided by the Basic Sanitation Company of the Sao Paulo State (Sabesp) from Botucatu, replacing 100% of daily evapotranspiration. The following characteristics were evaluated: dry matter of the clippings, nutrient content in the leaves, indirect measure of chlorophyll (MIC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), grass index (IG), soil concentration of nutrients and sodium, clay dispersed in water and aggregates stability. The irrigation systems were similar for the evaluations carried out, with some occasional differences. The largest blades of domestic wastewater provided higher levels of quality in the lawn and higher sodium content in the soil.
The turfs are the main species of plants used in landscaping projects and in large urban centers, irrigation of ornamental turfgrasses is one of the many competitors for the use of potable water. An alternative that can contribute to the rational use of water in this practice, would be substituted the drinking source for domestic wastewater, which presents considerable levels of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the continuous use of domestic wastewater on the quality of the turfgrass and on the physical and chemical attributes of the soil, applied by sprinkling or subsurface dripping. The work was conducted at the Department Forest, Soil and Environment Science located at Faculty of Agricultural Sciences – Unesp/ Botucatu. The design adopted in the experiment was completely randomized, with split plots and four replications. The treatments consisted of two irrigation systems (sprinkling and subsurface dripping), four slides with domestic wastewater from the Wastewater Treatment Station (ETE) in Botucatu-SP with 50% (T1), 100% (T2), 150% (T3), 200% (T4) of daily evapotranspiration and control treatment (T0), with potable water provided by the Basic Sanitation Company of the Sao Paulo State (Sabesp) from Botucatu, replacing 100% of daily evapotranspiration. The following characteristics were evaluated: dry matter of the clippings, nutrient content in the leaves, indirect measure of chlorophyll (MIC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), grass index (IG), soil concentration of nutrients and sodium, clay dispersed in water and aggregates stability. The irrigation systems were similar for the evaluations carried out, with some occasional differences. The largest blades of domestic wastewater provided higher levels of quality in the lawn and higher sodium content in the soil.
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Palavras-chave
Zoysia, Gramado ornamental, Adubação, Reuso de água, Ornamental lawn, Fertilizing, Water reuse