Medida de proteção e acolhimento institucional para crianças e adolescentes de um município do interior paulista: uma perspectiva histórica
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Data
2021-03-04
Autores
Lima, Luciana Aparecida de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O estudo aborda a história de um acolhimento institucional para crianças e adolescentes situado em um município do interior do estado de São Paulo. A execução desta medida protetiva da Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS), como serviço da Proteção Social Especial de alta complexidade, é destinada às crianças e adolescentes que têm seus direitos ameaçados e violados, e há a necessidade de afastamento do convívio familiar e comunitário. O serviço de acolhimento pesquisado é uma política pública municipal, inaugurado em 1996 pela Secretaria do Bem-Estar Social em execução direta, mas que passou a ser efetivado por uma organização da sociedade civil. O objetivo principal foi analisar o percurso de constituição deste serviço e o período estipulado para a análise compreendeu duas décadas e um triênio –1996-2005, 2006-2015 e os anos de 2016-2017-2018 –, sob a perspectiva da Psicologia Sócio-histórica, que se fundamenta no materialismo histórico e dialético. Para a produção dos dados utilizou-se a análise documental, com base nos Livros de Registros das crianças e adolescentes ingressantes, a partir dos quais se pôde evidenciar a evolução histórica dessas pessoas no acolhimento. Os resultados foram organizados em diferentes indicadores, os quais revelaram o perfil dos(as) acolhidos(as), os motivos de ingresso, o tempo de permanência e as razões para o desacolhimento institucional. A análise dos indicadores indicou que, além de aspectos da conjuntura sócio-política e econômica, produtoras dos encaminhamentos, há uma relação entre os dados do serviço, os elementos da história municipal, as políticas públicas da esfera federal e as diretrizes técnicas para a execução do serviço. Os registros desvelam os complexos conjuntos das relações sociais, que se traduzem em desigualdades sociais e que são incorporadas pelas medidas de proteção e acolhimento dessa parcela da população, ao mesmo tempo que produzem a necessidade de tais medidas. Conclui-se que o método histórico dialético pôde ofertar à pesquisa algumas categorias metodológicas necessárias para apreender os processos de continuidade e ruptura que mantêm na dinâmica do acolhimento, com a justificativa de garantir as medidas de proteção, formas instituídas de exclusão social, que se apresenta como um dos principais problemas a serem enfrentados para a efetivação e garantia do convívio familiar e comunitário.
The study approaches the history of an institucional care for children and adolescents which is located in an inland city of the State of São Paulo. The execution of this protective measure of the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS), as a service of the Special Social Protection of high complexity, is aimed at children and adolescents whose rights are threatened and violated and, therefore, it is necessary to keep them away from family and community life. Such reserarched care service is a municipal public policy, which was opened and implemented by the Social Welfare Department in 1996, but carried out by a civil society organization. The main objective was to analyze the constitution path of this service and the determined period for the analysis comprised two decades and a triennium –1996- 2005, 2006-2015 and the years 2016-2017-2018 –, under the perspective of Sociohistorical Psychology, which is based on historical and dialectial materialism. To produce data, document analysis was done based on the Record Books of entering children and adolescents, showing the historical evolution of those people over the period of institucional care. The results were organized into different indicators, which revealed the profile of those entenring members, the reasons for joining, the length of stay, and the reasons for the institutional withdrawal. The indicators’ analysis indicated that, in addition to aspects of the socio-political and economic situation, that produce referrals, there is also a relation between the data service, the municipal history elements, federal public policies and technical guidelines for the service execution. The records reveal the complex sets of social relations, which translate into social inequalities and which are incorporated by the protection and reception measures of this part of the population, at the same time that they produce the need for such measures. It is concluded that the dialectical historical method could offer to the research some demanding methodological categories to apprehend the processes of continuity and rupture that maintain in the reception’s dynamics, t with the justification of ensuring the protection measures, instituted forms of social exclusion, which presents itself as one of the main problems to be faced for the realization and guarantee of family and community life.
The study approaches the history of an institucional care for children and adolescents which is located in an inland city of the State of São Paulo. The execution of this protective measure of the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS), as a service of the Special Social Protection of high complexity, is aimed at children and adolescents whose rights are threatened and violated and, therefore, it is necessary to keep them away from family and community life. Such reserarched care service is a municipal public policy, which was opened and implemented by the Social Welfare Department in 1996, but carried out by a civil society organization. The main objective was to analyze the constitution path of this service and the determined period for the analysis comprised two decades and a triennium –1996- 2005, 2006-2015 and the years 2016-2017-2018 –, under the perspective of Sociohistorical Psychology, which is based on historical and dialectial materialism. To produce data, document analysis was done based on the Record Books of entering children and adolescents, showing the historical evolution of those people over the period of institucional care. The results were organized into different indicators, which revealed the profile of those entenring members, the reasons for joining, the length of stay, and the reasons for the institutional withdrawal. The indicators’ analysis indicated that, in addition to aspects of the socio-political and economic situation, that produce referrals, there is also a relation between the data service, the municipal history elements, federal public policies and technical guidelines for the service execution. The records reveal the complex sets of social relations, which translate into social inequalities and which are incorporated by the protection and reception measures of this part of the population, at the same time that they produce the need for such measures. It is concluded that the dialectical historical method could offer to the research some demanding methodological categories to apprehend the processes of continuity and rupture that maintain in the reception’s dynamics, t with the justification of ensuring the protection measures, instituted forms of social exclusion, which presents itself as one of the main problems to be faced for the realization and guarantee of family and community life.
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Palavras-chave
Políticas Públicas, Serviço acolhimento, Infância, Adolescência, Materialismo histórico-dialético