Avaliação da capacidade antimicrobiana in vitro dos óleos essenciais de manjericão, alecrim e capim limão sobre agentes causadores de endometrite em éguas.
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2021-04-23
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A endometrite consiste em um processo inflamatório do endométrio que pode ser agudo ou crônico, clínico ou subclínico, infecioso ou não infeccioso. Na espécie equina a endometrite é considerada uma das principais causas de queda de fertilidade, morte embrionária e abortos, gerando relevantes prejuízos econômicos. Dentre os agentes microbianos causadores de infecções uterinas na espécie equina, os mais encontrados são bactérias e fungos, sendo a endometrite bacteriana a causa mais frequente de infertilidade em éguas. As bactérias comumente isoladas em casos de endometrite são: Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus; Staphylococcus aureus; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Escherichia coli. As endometrites fúngicas são normalmente ocasionadas pela Candida Albicans. As infecções fúngicas são oportunistas, estando muitas vezes relacionadas à queda de imunidade dos indivíduos, tornando seu tratamento um desafio. Para as infecções bacterianas, a principal forma de tratamento é a antibioticoterapia, podendo esta ser intrauterina ou parenteral. No entanto, a resistência bacteriana associada a antimicrobianos tem aumentado em função de mecanismos de sobrevivência desenvolvidos por estes patógenos e pela utilização indiscriminada de fármacos. Este uso indiscriminado também favorece o desenvolvimento fúngico, e não é raro a ocorrência simultânea destas afecções. Desta forma, novas alternativas de tratamento vêm sendo estudadas. Compostos naturais apresentam baixa probabilidade de geração ou seleção de resistência devido a sua complexidade química e forma de ação; além disso, são comuns na natureza. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado o potencial antimicrobiano de óleos essenciais, entretanto, mais estudos são necessários para o entendimento de quais compostos são realmente eficazes neste processo, visto que muitos fatores abióticos podem interferir na produção de metabólitos secundários pelas plantas. O objetivo desta revisão é abordar informações sobre endometrite, resistência bacteriana, óleos essenciais e seu potencial antimicrobiano.
Endometritis is an endometrial inflammatory process that can be acute or chronic, clinical or subclinical, infectious or non-infectious. In the equine industry, endometritis is considered one of the main causes of decreased fertility, embryonic death and abortions, generating significant economic losses. Among the microbial agents that cause uterine infections in the equine species, the most commonly found are bacteria and fungi, with bacterial endometritis being the most frequent cause of infertility in mares. The bacteria commonly isolated in cases of endometritis are: Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus; Staphylococcus aureus; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Fungal endometritis is usually caused by Candida Albicans. Fungal infections are opportunistic and are often related to individual immunity decrease, making treatment a challenge. For bacterial infections, antibiotics are the main treatment, which can be intrauterine or parenteral application. However, antimicrobials bacterial resistance has increased due to the survival mechanisms developed by these pathogens and the indiscriminate use of these drugs. This indiscriminate use also favors fungal development, and it is not uncommon they simultaneously occurrence. Thus, new treatment alternatives have been studied. Natural compounds have a low probability of generating or selecting resistance due to their chemical complexity and form of action; moreover, they are common in nature. Several studies have demonstrated the antimicrobial potential of essential oils, however, more studies are needed to understand which compounds are really effective in this process, since many abiotic factors can interfere with the production of secondary metabolites by plants. The purpose of this review is to address information about endometritis, bacterial resistance, essential oils and their antimicrobial potential.
Endometritis is an endometrial inflammatory process that can be acute or chronic, clinical or subclinical, infectious or non-infectious. In the equine industry, endometritis is considered one of the main causes of decreased fertility, embryonic death and abortions, generating significant economic losses. Among the microbial agents that cause uterine infections in the equine species, the most commonly found are bacteria and fungi, with bacterial endometritis being the most frequent cause of infertility in mares. The bacteria commonly isolated in cases of endometritis are: Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus; Staphylococcus aureus; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Fungal endometritis is usually caused by Candida Albicans. Fungal infections are opportunistic and are often related to individual immunity decrease, making treatment a challenge. For bacterial infections, antibiotics are the main treatment, which can be intrauterine or parenteral application. However, antimicrobials bacterial resistance has increased due to the survival mechanisms developed by these pathogens and the indiscriminate use of these drugs. This indiscriminate use also favors fungal development, and it is not uncommon they simultaneously occurrence. Thus, new treatment alternatives have been studied. Natural compounds have a low probability of generating or selecting resistance due to their chemical complexity and form of action; moreover, they are common in nature. Several studies have demonstrated the antimicrobial potential of essential oils, however, more studies are needed to understand which compounds are really effective in this process, since many abiotic factors can interfere with the production of secondary metabolites by plants. The purpose of this review is to address information about endometritis, bacterial resistance, essential oils and their antimicrobial potential.
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Endometrite, Fitoterápicos, Óleos essenciais, Resistência bacteriana, Endometritis, Phytotherapics, Essential oils, Bacterial resistance