Histórias de resistência pela permanência no lugar e a poética do pertencimento: vivências caiçaras da Praia do Sono (RJ)
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Data
2021-04-15
Autores
Simão, Larissa Gândara [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A história dos povos tradicionais no Brasil é marcada por lutas, conflitos e resistências. Muitas dessas lutas aconteceram a fim de garantirem suas permanências nos lugares em que se encontram e, sobretudo, para manterem vivas suas culturas, valores e tradições, que fazem esses povos serem reconhecidos como tradicionais, o que não quer dizer cristalizados, mas sim, que dialogam e se reinventam com o tempo. Esses povos, em específico as comunidades caiçaras, vivem próximas ao mar, praticavam agricultura de subsistência e pesca e, atualmente, tem como principal fonte de renda o turismo, praticado no verão tropical. Muitos dos lugares que habitavam foram transformados em Unidades de Conservação, como o caso da Praia do Sono. Neste contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivo compreender o sentido de lugar para os caiçaras dali, bem como as principais lutas travadas pela permanência no território, através das experiências narradas por eles. Assim, pesquisaram-se as lutas mais relevantes, sendo elas: a criação da Reserva Ecológica na década de 1990, que abrangeu a Praia do Sono e é descrita como non edificandi, necessitando ser recategorizada para atender ao Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC) e a construção de rodovias nas últimas décadas do século XX, responsáveis pela chegada da especulação imobiliária, que atingiu a região, até então, praticamente intocada. Enfrentando grilagens de terras e, mais recentemente, as imposições de um condomínio de luxo construído no ponto que dá acesso à praia, os caiçaras do Sono lutam pela continuidade de suas expressões identitárias no território do qual se apropriaram há muitos anos. Os resultados observados expressaram as experiências profundas do entrelaçamento do caiçara com o seu lugar e também que não importam quais sejam as lutas e quanto tempo durarão, a população residente ali resistirá no seu território, adaptando seus modos de existência a partir da dinâmica e da fluidez do tempo presente.
The history of traditional peoples in Brazil is marked by struggles, conflicts and resistance. Many of these took place not only in order to ensure their stay on the sites where they still reside, but also so that their culture, values and traditions would be preserved. Also, under no circumstances do such traditions mean these peoples are crystallized, as they interact and reinvent themselves throughout time. These peoples, specifically the caiçaras communities who live close to the sea, used to practise subsistence agriculture and fishing. Nowadays their main income source is tourism over the region’s tropical summer. Many of the sites they used to live in were turned into Protected Areas, as the case of the “Praia do Sono”. In this context, the aim of our work was to figure out what the sense of placement and belonging are to the caiçaras from that region, as well as their main struggles for being entitled to stay on their lands through experiences reported by themselves. Thus, the most relevant struggles were covered, which are: the creation of the Ecological Reserve (Reserva Ecológica) in the 1990s, which involved the Praia do Sono and is described as non edificandi. It also required to be recategorized in order to meet the requirements set by the National Units Preservation System - NUPS / Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC) and the construction of roads over the last decades of the twentieth century, which were responsible for property speculation in that region, which had been unspoiled until then. The caiçaras do Sono have been fighting against land grabs and requirements which have been recently set by a luxury condominium that was built around the access area to the beach. They also struggle for the maintenance of their identity manifestations in the territory they took over many years ago. The results have shown the profound experiences of the intertwining between the caiçara and their land, as well as regardless of whatever struggles or how long they may last for, the resident population will resist there by adapting their way of living from the dynamics and fluidity of time.
The history of traditional peoples in Brazil is marked by struggles, conflicts and resistance. Many of these took place not only in order to ensure their stay on the sites where they still reside, but also so that their culture, values and traditions would be preserved. Also, under no circumstances do such traditions mean these peoples are crystallized, as they interact and reinvent themselves throughout time. These peoples, specifically the caiçaras communities who live close to the sea, used to practise subsistence agriculture and fishing. Nowadays their main income source is tourism over the region’s tropical summer. Many of the sites they used to live in were turned into Protected Areas, as the case of the “Praia do Sono”. In this context, the aim of our work was to figure out what the sense of placement and belonging are to the caiçaras from that region, as well as their main struggles for being entitled to stay on their lands through experiences reported by themselves. Thus, the most relevant struggles were covered, which are: the creation of the Ecological Reserve (Reserva Ecológica) in the 1990s, which involved the Praia do Sono and is described as non edificandi. It also required to be recategorized in order to meet the requirements set by the National Units Preservation System - NUPS / Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC) and the construction of roads over the last decades of the twentieth century, which were responsible for property speculation in that region, which had been unspoiled until then. The caiçaras do Sono have been fighting against land grabs and requirements which have been recently set by a luxury condominium that was built around the access area to the beach. They also struggle for the maintenance of their identity manifestations in the territory they took over many years ago. The results have shown the profound experiences of the intertwining between the caiçara and their land, as well as regardless of whatever struggles or how long they may last for, the resident population will resist there by adapting their way of living from the dynamics and fluidity of time.
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Palavras-chave
Povos tradicionais, Conflitos, Experiências, Unidades de conservação, Reserva Ecológica Estadual da Juatinga, Traditional peoples, Conflicts, Experiences, Preservation units, State Ecological Reserve of Juatinga