Abordagem ocupacional de empregos verdes: o caso do setor sucroenergético no estado de São Paulo
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Data
2019-11-29
Autores
Diniz, Yskárlaty Cesário [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Desde o início da Revolução Industrial, países realizam parcerias e acordos entre si. No entanto, somente a partir de crises sociais e ambientais ocorridas na segunda metade do século XX, inicia-se um debate acerca do desenvolvimento sustentável. Inicia-se, então, conferências e acordos entre países de modo a definir um modelo sustentável de desenvolvimento. Define-se como desenvolvimento sustentável aquele que assegura o crescimento de um país, aliado ao bem-estar ambiental, econômico e social. Muitas vezes tomada como simplificação do desenvolvimento sustentável, a Economia Verde insere-se em práticas que levam a parcerias entre Estado, produtores e consumidores, e que buscam a redução de riscos ambientais e da escassez de recursos naturais. Dentre tais práticas, pode-se citar o fomento de postos de trabalho que devem contribuir para a redução do dano ambiental. Em termos metodológicos, a identificação destes postos, também conhecidos como empregos verdes, pode ser realizada através da abordagem de setores considerados verdes (setorial) ou da abordagem que define processos, habilidades específicas e determinadas tecnologias que contribuem para uma atividade econômica mais verde (ocupacional). Partindo do autor Caruso (2010), o qual elaborou uma lista de ocupações em processo de “esverdeamento”, o presente trabalho analisa o setor sucroenergético no estado de São Paulo para os anos de 2007 a 2017. Baseando-se nas informações disponíveis no banco de dados da RAIS, observou-se que o setor sucroenergético empregou cerca de 11% de empregos verdes no período, além do fato de que a taxa de crescimento destas ocupações verdes de 2007 a 2017 foi de 74,2%. Sendo assim, torna-se relevante o estudo das características da mão de obra, para que seja compreendido a qualidade do aumento do emprego. Ao final, revela-se que dentre as ocupações com maior crescimento no período, o rendimento também aumentou, passando a estar nas mais altas faixas, ao passo em que o nível de escolaridade dos trabalhadores também aumentou. De forma geral, pode-se destacar o segmento de fabricação e refino de açúcar, uma vez que apresentou maior número de trabalhadores qualificados e com maiores salários. A partir disto, há uma comparação do setor sucroenergético com o emprego total no estado de São Paulo. Tal análise revela que após ligeiro encontro das trajetórias em 2009, enquanto o setor sucroenergético apresenta trajetória crescente, o emprego total segue o caminho oposto, em contínuo decrescimento
Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, countries have entered into partnerships and agreements with each other. However, only from social and environmental crises in the second half of the twentieth century, a debate begins about sustainable development. Conferences and agreements are then initiated between countries to define a sustainable model of development. Sustainable development is defined as the one that ensures the growth of a country, combined with environmental, economic and social well-being. Often taken as a simplification of sustainable development, the Green Economy is based on practices of partnerships between state, producers and consumers, and that seek to reduce environmental risks and the scarcity of natural resources. Among such practices, can be mention the promotion of jobs that should contribute to the reduction of environmental damage. In methodological terms, the identification of these jobs, also known as green jobs, can be accomplished through the approach of sectors considered green (sectoral) or by the approach that defines processes, specific skills and certain technologies that contribute to a greener economic activity (occupational). Based on the author Caruso (2010), who elaborated a list of occupations in the process of “greening”, this paper analyzes the sugar-energy sector in the state of São Paulo from 2007 to 2017. Based on the information available at the RAI data bank, it was observed that the sugar-energy sector employed around 11% of green jobs in the period, in addition to the fact that the growth rate of these occupations from 2007 to 2017 was 74.2%. Thus, it is relevant to study the characteristics of the workforce, so that the quality of employment increase can be understood. In the end, it is revealed that among the fastest growing occupations in the period, income also increased, while the level of education of workers increased too. In general, the sugar manufacturing and refining sector stands out, since it had the highest number of skilled workers and higher salaries. From this, there is a comparison of the sugar-energy sector with total employment in the state of São Paulo. This analysis reveals that after a short meeting of the trajectories in 2009, in the same time the sugar-energy sector presents an increasing trajectory, total employment follows the opposite path, in continuous decrease
Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, countries have entered into partnerships and agreements with each other. However, only from social and environmental crises in the second half of the twentieth century, a debate begins about sustainable development. Conferences and agreements are then initiated between countries to define a sustainable model of development. Sustainable development is defined as the one that ensures the growth of a country, combined with environmental, economic and social well-being. Often taken as a simplification of sustainable development, the Green Economy is based on practices of partnerships between state, producers and consumers, and that seek to reduce environmental risks and the scarcity of natural resources. Among such practices, can be mention the promotion of jobs that should contribute to the reduction of environmental damage. In methodological terms, the identification of these jobs, also known as green jobs, can be accomplished through the approach of sectors considered green (sectoral) or by the approach that defines processes, specific skills and certain technologies that contribute to a greener economic activity (occupational). Based on the author Caruso (2010), who elaborated a list of occupations in the process of “greening”, this paper analyzes the sugar-energy sector in the state of São Paulo from 2007 to 2017. Based on the information available at the RAI data bank, it was observed that the sugar-energy sector employed around 11% of green jobs in the period, in addition to the fact that the growth rate of these occupations from 2007 to 2017 was 74.2%. Thus, it is relevant to study the characteristics of the workforce, so that the quality of employment increase can be understood. In the end, it is revealed that among the fastest growing occupations in the period, income also increased, while the level of education of workers increased too. In general, the sugar manufacturing and refining sector stands out, since it had the highest number of skilled workers and higher salaries. From this, there is a comparison of the sugar-energy sector with total employment in the state of São Paulo. This analysis reveals that after a short meeting of the trajectories in 2009, in the same time the sugar-energy sector presents an increasing trajectory, total employment follows the opposite path, in continuous decrease
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Palavras-chave
Empregos verdes, Economia verde, Setor sucroenergético, Desenvolvimento sustentável, Green job, Green economy, Sugar-Energy Sector, Sustainable Development