Padronização de um protocolo experimental de treinamento periodizado em natação utilizando ratos Wistar
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Data
2010-02-01
Autores
Araujo, Gustavo Gomes de [UNESP]
Papoti, Marcelo [UNESP]
Manchado-Gobatto, Fúlvia de Barros [UNESP]
Mello, Maria Alice Rostom de [UNESP]
Gobatto, Claudio Alexandre [UNESP]
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ISSN da Revista
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Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte
Resumo
Verificar os efeitos de 12 semanas de treinamento periodizado de natação em ratos sobre os valores de glicogênio muscular (GM) e hepático (GH), capacidade aeróbia (LAn) e anaeróbia (Tlim) e creatina quinase (CK). Foram utilizados 70 ratos da linhagem Wistar com 60 dias, adaptados individualmente ao meio líquido por duas semanas. Os animais foram divididos em grupos: controle (GC, n = 40) e periodizado (GP, n = 30); a intensidade do treinamento foi equivalente ao peso corporal do animal (% do PC). O treinamento (T) para o GP foi dividido em períodos preparatório básico (PPB, seis semanas), específico (PPE, 4,5 semanas) e polimento (PP, 1,5 semana), tendo como estímulos intensidades leve (4% do PC), moderada (5% do PC), pesada (6% do PC) e intensa (13% do PC). Vinte e quatro horas após a adaptação, 10 ratos do GC foram sacrificados e avaliados pelo teste de lactato mínimo para mensuração dos valores de linha de base de GM, GH, CK, LAn e Tlim. Os dez animais restantes do GC e GP foram sacrificados ao final de cada período de T. O treinamento periodizado aumentou a concentração de glicogênio muscular ao final do período de polimento. O glicogênio hepático não se alterou no GC, porém no GP houve redução significativa no início do período específico com elevação no período de polimento. A concentração de CK não se modificou ao final dos PPB, PPE e PP. O LAn reduziu ao longo do período experimental no GC, mas ao final do PP para o GP, o LAn atingiu os mesmos valores do início do treinamento. O Tlim aumentou no PP. Desse modo, pode-se concluir que o treinamento periodizado provocou supercompensação energética ao final da periodização. A capacidade anaeróbia aumentou no PP bem como o LAn, que obteve maiores valores em relação ao GC nesse período.
The objective of this study was to verify the swimming training periodization responses on aerobic and anaerobic performance, glycogen concentration in muscle (M) and liver (L), and creatine kinase (CK) in rats. Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly separated in two groups: Control Group (CG n = 30) and Training Periodization Group (TPG n = 30). All experiments were preceded by 2 weeks of individual adaptation to the water. The TPG was carried out during a period of 12 weeks (w) with frequency of 6 days/w. The training period was subdivided in three specialized series blocks: Preparation (6 w), Specific (4.5 w) and Taper (1.5 w). The Lactate Minimun Test (LACm) was adapted to determine the aerobic capacity. Anaerobic performance was evaluated by maximal exhaustion time (Tlim) verified during hyperlactatemia induction phase in the LACm protocol. Training stimulus was based on intensities corresponding to the LACm: Endurance (END) 1 = 80%; END2= 100%; END3= 120% and Anaerobic (ANA) 240% of the LACm. Two-way Anova and Newman-Keuls post-hoc test (P<0.05)were also used. Aerobic performance was not different from initial training (Preparation: 4.57 ± 0.24% of body weigh (bw); Specific: 4.59 ± 0.44 %bw), but at the end of taper, the LACm was higher (Taper: 5.01 ± 0.71% bw). The anaerobic parameter (Tlim) was significantly higher at the end of taper (73 ± 14s) when compared to the Preparation (50 ± 13s) and Specific blocks (65 ± 18s). The CG reduced the LACm and anaerobic performance along the experimental period. The glycogen M increased after taper but CK did not alter during training. Training periodization in rats acted as an important tool to evaluate specific effects of training. This is supported by sensitive responses of the rats along the blocks, based on improvement of aerobic and anaerobic performance as well as glycogen concentration obtained after the taper block.
The objective of this study was to verify the swimming training periodization responses on aerobic and anaerobic performance, glycogen concentration in muscle (M) and liver (L), and creatine kinase (CK) in rats. Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly separated in two groups: Control Group (CG n = 30) and Training Periodization Group (TPG n = 30). All experiments were preceded by 2 weeks of individual adaptation to the water. The TPG was carried out during a period of 12 weeks (w) with frequency of 6 days/w. The training period was subdivided in three specialized series blocks: Preparation (6 w), Specific (4.5 w) and Taper (1.5 w). The Lactate Minimun Test (LACm) was adapted to determine the aerobic capacity. Anaerobic performance was evaluated by maximal exhaustion time (Tlim) verified during hyperlactatemia induction phase in the LACm protocol. Training stimulus was based on intensities corresponding to the LACm: Endurance (END) 1 = 80%; END2= 100%; END3= 120% and Anaerobic (ANA) 240% of the LACm. Two-way Anova and Newman-Keuls post-hoc test (P<0.05)were also used. Aerobic performance was not different from initial training (Preparation: 4.57 ± 0.24% of body weigh (bw); Specific: 4.59 ± 0.44 %bw), but at the end of taper, the LACm was higher (Taper: 5.01 ± 0.71% bw). The anaerobic parameter (Tlim) was significantly higher at the end of taper (73 ± 14s) when compared to the Preparation (50 ± 13s) and Specific blocks (65 ± 18s). The CG reduced the LACm and anaerobic performance along the experimental period. The glycogen M increased after taper but CK did not alter during training. Training periodization in rats acted as an important tool to evaluate specific effects of training. This is supported by sensitive responses of the rats along the blocks, based on improvement of aerobic and anaerobic performance as well as glycogen concentration obtained after the taper block.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
glicogênio, capacidade aeróbia, capacidade anaeróbia, creatina quinase, glycogen, aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity and creatine kinase
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte, v. 16, n. 1, p. 51-56, 2010.