Entorno territorial estratégico: análise comparativa das transações comerciais de armas de Brasil e Índia (1990-2019)
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Data
2021-05-13
Autores
Lira, Messias de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com a desregulamentação do mercado financeiro amplia-se o padrão de mundialização da economia e os Estados nacionais se veem diante de uma lógica de produção pautada em um maior grau de reprodução financeira do capital. Visto que os espaços de acumulação foram reorganizados, houve a formação de novas tessituras geopolíticas e nesse processo potências regionais se valeram de sua inserção econômica para alavancar suas projeções política e militar na conjuntura internacional. Diante desse contexto, este trabalho analisa as determinações territoriais que as formas do Estado imprimem ao exercer suas políticas nacionais de defesa ao visar a autonomia estratégica. Esta analisa se dá por meio do comparativo dos gastos públicos, transações comerciais que remetam à exportação e importação de armas e serviços relacionados à defesa nacional de Brasil e Índia, bem como o grau de intensidade desses fluxos comerciais considerando o entorno territorial estratégico desses países no período de 1990 a 2019. Apesar de incipiente, o aumento nas trocas comerciais de produtos de defesa e os valores dos gastos públicos militares em ambos os países foram maiores que a média de todos os outros países em seus respectivos entornos territoriais estratégicos, entretanto os gastos se mostram maiores para a Índia do que ao Brasil. Observa-se também como as formas do Estado são constituídas e incitam a valorização capitalista do espaço sob o formato de soberania nacional, para posteriormente capturar os fundos públicos.
With the deregulation of the financial market, the pattern of mundialisation of the economy expands and national states are faced with a logic of production based on a greater degree of financial reproduction of capital. Since the accumulation spaces were reorganized, new geopolitical fabrications were formed and in this process, regional powers took advantage of their economic insertion to leverage their political and military projections in the international conjuncture. In this context, this work analyzes the territorial determinations that the forms of the State imprint when exercising its national defense policies when aiming at strategic autonomy. This analysis takes place through the comparison of public expenditures, commercial transactions that refer to the export and import of arms and services related to the national defense of Brazil and India, as well as the degree of intensity of these trade flows considering the strategic territorial environment of these countries in the period from 1990 to 2019. Although incipient, the increase in trade in defense products and the values of public military expenditures in both countries were greater than the average of all other countries in their respective strategic territorial encirclements, however the expenditures are show greater for India than for Brazil. It is also observed how the forms of the State are constituted and incite the capitalist valorization of space under the format of national sovereignty, to later capture public funds.
With the deregulation of the financial market, the pattern of mundialisation of the economy expands and national states are faced with a logic of production based on a greater degree of financial reproduction of capital. Since the accumulation spaces were reorganized, new geopolitical fabrications were formed and in this process, regional powers took advantage of their economic insertion to leverage their political and military projections in the international conjuncture. In this context, this work analyzes the territorial determinations that the forms of the State imprint when exercising its national defense policies when aiming at strategic autonomy. This analysis takes place through the comparison of public expenditures, commercial transactions that refer to the export and import of arms and services related to the national defense of Brazil and India, as well as the degree of intensity of these trade flows considering the strategic territorial environment of these countries in the period from 1990 to 2019. Although incipient, the increase in trade in defense products and the values of public military expenditures in both countries were greater than the average of all other countries in their respective strategic territorial encirclements, however the expenditures are show greater for India than for Brazil. It is also observed how the forms of the State are constituted and incite the capitalist valorization of space under the format of national sovereignty, to later capture public funds.
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Estado, Mundialização, Política Nacional de Defesa, Brasil - Índia, Entorno estratégico, State, Mundialisation, National Defense Policy, Brazil - India, Strategic encirclement