Desempenho de sementes de soja: tempo pós-tratamento, produtos e genótipos
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Data
2021-06-12
Autores
Lourenço, Flávia Mendes dos Santos
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Devido aos resultados das últimas safras, as condições de mercado atrativas ao comércio de grãos, e a procura por atender o consumo de alimentos no mundo principalmente como fonte de fabricação de ração e a produção de óleo, a cultura da soja mantém-se necessariamente em crescimento e expansão. A eficiência na produção de sementes e a obtenção de uma lavoura de soja com adequado estande de plantas, além de seus componentes de produtividade, depende da utilização correta de práticas agronômicas, como o tratamento de sementes, o qual visa à proteção inicial das sementes no campo após a semeadura, ou durante o período de armazenamento destas, pela aplicação de produtos, sejam eles químicos, biológicos ou aditivos, sem que haja alteração na sua viabilidade e vigor, buscando sua máxima capacidade de desempenho. Assim, objetivou-se estudar as alterações na qualidade fisiológica de sementes e nos componentes de produtividade de sementes de soja, quando submetidas ao tratamento com piraclostrobina + tiofanato-metílico + fipronil e tiametoxam + carboxina + tiram; além dos produtos biológicos Bacillus subtilis e Trichoderma atroviride em períodos após a aplicação dos produtos e o acondicionamento das sementes, tratadas por 0, 24, 48 e 192 horas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Universidade Estadual Paulista, “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, campus de Ilha Solteira-SP. O delineamento experimental foi realizado de acordo com cada experimento, sendo para o experimento em laboratório utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, num esquema fatorial 6 x 4 x 4 obtido da combinação de (6) lotes x (4) tratamentos químicos e biológicos x (4) tempos pós-tratamento, com quatro repetições para cada lote. Para o experimento em campo, foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, num esquema fatorial 8 x 4 x 4 obtido da combinação de (8) lotes x (4) tratamentos químicos e biológicos x (4) tempos pós-tratamento, com quatro repetições para cada lote. Tanto o tratamento químico como o biológico podem diminuir o desempenho das sementes na medida em que se atrasa a semeadura após o tratamento de sementes. Há reduções no desempenho das plantas de soja em função do tempo de semeadura pós-tratamento das sementes, com redução no número de vagens por planta, número de sementes por vagem e massa de 100 sementes, com intensa variação em função do cultivar e do produto utilizado.
Due to the results of the last harvests, the attractive market conditions for the grain trade, and the demand to meet the consumption of food in the world, mainly as a source of feed and oil production, the soybean crop necessarily remains in growth and expansion. The efficiency in seed production and the acquisition of a soybean crop with an adequate plant stand, in addition to its productivity components, depends on the correct use of agronomic practices, such as seed treatment, which aims at the initial protection of seeds in the field after sowing, or during their storage period, by the application of products, whether chemical, biological or additive, without any change in their viability and vigor, seeking their maximum performance capacity. Thus, the objective was to study the changes in the physiological quality of seeds and in the productivity components of soybean seeds, when submitted to the treatment of pyraclostrobin + thiophanate-methyl + fipronil and thiamethoxam + carboxin + tiram; besides the biological products Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma atroviride in periods after the application of the products and the conditioning of the seeds, treated for 0, 24, 48 and 192 hours. The experiments were conducted at Universidade Estadual Paulista, “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, campus of Ilha Solteira-SP. The experimental design was carried out according to each experiment, and for the laboratory experiment the completely randomized design was used, in a 6 x 4 x 4 factorial scheme obtained from the combination of (6) lots x (4) chemical and biological treatments x (4 ) post-treatment times, with four repetitions for each batch. For the field experiment, a randomized block design was used, in a factorial scheme 8 x 4 x 4 obtained from the combination of (8) batches x (4) chemical and biological treatments x (4) post-treatment times, with four repetitions for each batch. Both chemical and biological treatment can decrease seed performance as sowing is delayed after seed treatment. There are reductions in the performance of soybean plants as a function of sowing time after seed treatment, with a reduction in the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and mass of 100 seeds, with intense variation depending on the cultivar and product used.
Due to the results of the last harvests, the attractive market conditions for the grain trade, and the demand to meet the consumption of food in the world, mainly as a source of feed and oil production, the soybean crop necessarily remains in growth and expansion. The efficiency in seed production and the acquisition of a soybean crop with an adequate plant stand, in addition to its productivity components, depends on the correct use of agronomic practices, such as seed treatment, which aims at the initial protection of seeds in the field after sowing, or during their storage period, by the application of products, whether chemical, biological or additive, without any change in their viability and vigor, seeking their maximum performance capacity. Thus, the objective was to study the changes in the physiological quality of seeds and in the productivity components of soybean seeds, when submitted to the treatment of pyraclostrobin + thiophanate-methyl + fipronil and thiamethoxam + carboxin + tiram; besides the biological products Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma atroviride in periods after the application of the products and the conditioning of the seeds, treated for 0, 24, 48 and 192 hours. The experiments were conducted at Universidade Estadual Paulista, “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, campus of Ilha Solteira-SP. The experimental design was carried out according to each experiment, and for the laboratory experiment the completely randomized design was used, in a 6 x 4 x 4 factorial scheme obtained from the combination of (6) lots x (4) chemical and biological treatments x (4 ) post-treatment times, with four repetitions for each batch. For the field experiment, a randomized block design was used, in a factorial scheme 8 x 4 x 4 obtained from the combination of (8) batches x (4) chemical and biological treatments x (4) post-treatment times, with four repetitions for each batch. Both chemical and biological treatment can decrease seed performance as sowing is delayed after seed treatment. There are reductions in the performance of soybean plants as a function of sowing time after seed treatment, with a reduction in the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and mass of 100 seeds, with intense variation depending on the cultivar and product used.
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Palavras-chave
Tratamento pré-semeadura, Tempo de exposição, Qualidade fisiológica, Pre-sowing treatment, Exposure time, Physiological quality