A inserção da China na economia mundial - da adesão à Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) à guerra comercial
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Data
2021-07-26
Autores
Sá, Henrique Lorenzetti Ribeiro de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo principal desta monografia é a análise do processo de inserção da China na economia mudial desde o início do processo de reforma e abertura, em 1978, passando por sua adesão à Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC), em 2001, até o início da guerra comercial iniciada pelos Estados Unidos contra a China, em 2018. Nosso argumento central é que a China realizou um “casamento por coneviência” com o Ocidente para fazer avançar seu processo de desenvolvimento, que os Estados Unidos tentam agora desfazer por receio de perder sua condição de potência econômica hegemônica global. Este trabalho está dividido em quatro partes, além da introdução e conclusão. No capítulo 1, analisamos o processo de reforma e abertura, iniciado em 1978 com a ascensão de Deng Xiaoping ao poder, até 2001, quando a China adere à Organização Mundial do Comércio. No capítulo 2, analisamos o processo de adesão da China à OMC, procurando destacar como o país se utilizou das condicionalidades impostas pelos países líderes do comércio global, principalmente os Estados Unidos, para que fosse autorizada a sua adesão à OMC aprofundar o seu processo de reforma e abertura e transformar a sua economia em um elo indispensável às cadeias globais de suprimento da economia globalizada. No capítulo 3, o foco da análise são as mudanças recentes em seu modelo de desenvolvimento econômico, quando, no bojo da crise de 2008, a China passa a privilegiar o mercado interno como principal motor de crescimento e inicia a transição de seu modelo de desenvolvimento para a produção de bens de maior conteúdo tecnológico. Destacamos os aspectos financeiros, cambiais e, principalmente, tecnológicos dessa mudança. O quarto capítulo foi dedicado à análise do conflito comercial desencadeado pelos Estados Unidos contra a China, em 2018.
The main objective of this monograph is to analyze the process of China's insertion in the world economy from the beginning of its reform and opening process, in 1978, through its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), in 2001, until the beginning of the trade war initiated by the United States against China in 2018. Our central argument is that China entered into a “covenant marriage” with the West to advance its development process, which the United States is now trying to undo for fear of losing its condition of hegemonic global economic power. This work is divided into four parts, in addition to the introduction and conclusion. In chapter 1, we analyze the process of reform and opening, which began in 1978 with the rise of Deng Xiaoping to power, until 2001, when China joined the World Trade Organization. In chapter 2, we analyze China's accession process to the WTO, seeking to highlight how the country used the conditionalities imposed by the leading countries in global trade, especially the United States, to authorize its accession to the WTO and deepen its process of reform and opening up to transform its economy into an indispensable link in the global supply chains of the globalized economy. In chapter 3, the focus of the analysis is the recent changes in its economic development model, when, in the midst of the 2008 crisis, China started to privilege the domestic market as the main growth engine and began the transition of its development model for the production of goods with greater technological content. We highlight the financial, exchange rate and, above all, technological aspects of this change. The fourth chapter was dedicated to the analysis of the trade conflict unleashed by the United States against China in 2018.
The main objective of this monograph is to analyze the process of China's insertion in the world economy from the beginning of its reform and opening process, in 1978, through its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), in 2001, until the beginning of the trade war initiated by the United States against China in 2018. Our central argument is that China entered into a “covenant marriage” with the West to advance its development process, which the United States is now trying to undo for fear of losing its condition of hegemonic global economic power. This work is divided into four parts, in addition to the introduction and conclusion. In chapter 1, we analyze the process of reform and opening, which began in 1978 with the rise of Deng Xiaoping to power, until 2001, when China joined the World Trade Organization. In chapter 2, we analyze China's accession process to the WTO, seeking to highlight how the country used the conditionalities imposed by the leading countries in global trade, especially the United States, to authorize its accession to the WTO and deepen its process of reform and opening up to transform its economy into an indispensable link in the global supply chains of the globalized economy. In chapter 3, the focus of the analysis is the recent changes in its economic development model, when, in the midst of the 2008 crisis, China started to privilege the domestic market as the main growth engine and began the transition of its development model for the production of goods with greater technological content. We highlight the financial, exchange rate and, above all, technological aspects of this change. The fourth chapter was dedicated to the analysis of the trade conflict unleashed by the United States against China in 2018.
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Palavras-chave
Economia chinesa, Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC), Guerra comercial, Relações sino-americanas, Chinese economy, World Trade Organization (WTO), Trade war, Sino-american relations