Diálogo com mortos: uma antologia dos epigramas fúnebres latinos
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Data
2021-05-31
Autores
Lemes, Ana Carolina [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nesta dissertação, apresenta-se uma antologia de epigramas fúnebres latinos e propõe-se uma proposta de tradução a partir da análise dos elementos expressivos e poéticos dessas inscrições. Se, em um primeiro momento, os epigramas funerários restringiam-se a apenas nomear o morto, ao longo do tempo, passaram a ampliar seu conteúdo e a fazer uso de versos poéticos e metrificados. De tal costume, pode-se depreender uma grande preocupação com a imagem que se perpetuará do falecido, assim como a tentativa de criar uma memória ativa que celebre o morto e seus familiares. Para isso, esses epigramas buscavam atrair a atenção dos possíveis leitores, lançando mão de recursos linguísticos como o uso das funções da linguagem, como a poética e a conativa. Através desses recursos, os autores das inscrições pretendiam conseguir a captatio beneuolentia dos leitores, a fim de que se eternizasse, por meio deles, a memória individual do falecido. O corpus selecionado compreende 32 inscrições produzidas entre os séculos I a.C e II d.C, coletadas nos dois volumes da antologia Carmina Latina Epigraphica, organizados por Bücheler-Lommatzsch (1895). Este gênero epigramático é reconhecido, ademais, pelo uso de tópicas comuns, sendo uma das mais difundidas a expressão sit tibi terra leuis, que é recorte e foco desta pesquisa. Argumenta-se que, embora seja presente esse caráter formular entre os poemas fúnebres, eles almejam uma originalidade artística, notável tanto no trato com a língua latina quanto no cuidado dedicado aos suportes epigráficos em que foram inscritos.
In this dissertation, we present an anthology of Latin funerary epigrams and a translation proposal based on the analysis of the expressive and poetic elements of these inscriptons. If, at first, the funerary epigrams were restricted to just naming the dead, over time, they began to expand their content and make use of poetic and metrical verses. From this habit, one can perceive a great concern with what image will be perpetuated by the deceased, as well as an attempt to create an active memory that celebrates the deceased and their family. To that, these epigrams sought to attract the attention of possible readers, using linguistic resources, using functions of language, such as poetic and conative functions. Through these resources, the authors of the inscriptions intended to obtain the captatio beneuolentia of the readers, so that the individual memory of the deceased would be immortalized through them. The selected corpus comprises inscriptions produced between the 1st BC and 2nd AD centuries, collected in the two volumes of the anthology Carmina Latina Epigraphica, organized by Bücheler-Lommatzsch (1895). This epigrammatic genre is recognized, moreover, for the use of common topics, one of the most widespread being the expression sit tibi terra leuis, which is the focus of this research. We argue that, although the formulary quality is present among funeral poems, they aim for artistic originality, notable both when dealing with the Latin language and in the thoughtful handling of the supports in which the poems were inscribed.
In this dissertation, we present an anthology of Latin funerary epigrams and a translation proposal based on the analysis of the expressive and poetic elements of these inscriptons. If, at first, the funerary epigrams were restricted to just naming the dead, over time, they began to expand their content and make use of poetic and metrical verses. From this habit, one can perceive a great concern with what image will be perpetuated by the deceased, as well as an attempt to create an active memory that celebrates the deceased and their family. To that, these epigrams sought to attract the attention of possible readers, using linguistic resources, using functions of language, such as poetic and conative functions. Through these resources, the authors of the inscriptions intended to obtain the captatio beneuolentia of the readers, so that the individual memory of the deceased would be immortalized through them. The selected corpus comprises inscriptions produced between the 1st BC and 2nd AD centuries, collected in the two volumes of the anthology Carmina Latina Epigraphica, organized by Bücheler-Lommatzsch (1895). This epigrammatic genre is recognized, moreover, for the use of common topics, one of the most widespread being the expression sit tibi terra leuis, which is the focus of this research. We argue that, although the formulary quality is present among funeral poems, they aim for artistic originality, notable both when dealing with the Latin language and in the thoughtful handling of the supports in which the poems were inscribed.
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Palavras-chave
Epigrama, Inscrição, Fúnebre, Funerário, Latim, Romano, Epigrafia, Epigram, Inscription, Funerary, Tradução, Translation, Latin, Epigraphy, Roman