Emissão de CO2, estoque e humificação do carbono do solo em áreas convertidas do Bioma Cerrado, Brasil Central
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2021-06-25
Autores
Silva, Bruna de Oliveira [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A compreensão da dinâmica do carbono do solo em matas primárias e agroecossistemas permite o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para indicar sistemas sustentáveis e analisar o solo como fonte ou estoque de C-CO2. Diante do exposto, com o presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica da emissão de CO2 e do estoque de carbono em profundidade, visando obter indicadores relacionados a quantidade e qualidade do carbono por meio do grau de humificação da matéria orgânica para avaliar as alterações do carbono do solo oriundas da conversão de áreas de mata nativa para sistemas agrícolas com plantio de eucalipto e sistema silvipastoril no cerrado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Para atender este objetivo, foi realizado um experimento na Fazenda da UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira, no município de Selvíria-MS. Em áreas adjacentes e com o solo Latossolo Vermelho (Haplic Acrustox). O estudo foi conduzido em florestas plantadas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis (PE), mata nativa do Cerrado (CE) e área de sistema silvipastoril (Ssp),e avaliada a emissão de CO2 (FCO2) carbono orgânico, grau de humificação da matéria orgânica (HLIFS), temperatura, umidade e atributos químicos e físicos do solo. Foram feitas a amostragens do solo nas camadas de 0-0,1 m, 0,1-0,2 m, 0,2-0,3 m e 0,3-0,4 m. Primeiramente foi avaliado os atributos em profundidade para se verificar o efeito da conversão de áreas de mata nativa para sistemas agrícolas com plantio de eucalipto e sistema silvipastoril na dinâmica da emissão de CO2 e estoque de carbono do solo de Cerrado. Nessa primeira avaliação de caracterização, observamos que a emissão de CO2 do solo está diretamente relacionada com a temperatura do solo independente da profundidade. Os maiores valores da FCO2 estão relacionados com as áreas do plantio de eucalipto e mata nativa e não observamos diferença significativa para o carbono orgânico entre as áreas e profundidades avaliadas. Posteriormente analisamos as principais relações observadas na camada mais superficial do solo com o objetivo de compreender melhor a dinâmica da matéria orgânica do solo, expressa em termos de emissão de CO2 do solo (FCO2), integrando a análise do índice de humificação da matéria orgânica do solo (HLIFS) por métodos espectroscópicos. Observamos que a emissão de CO2 foi maior no plantio de eucalipto, este uso do solo apresenta maiores valores de índice de humificação da matéria orgânica e densidade do solo. Concluímos que o sistema silvipastoril é sustentável em termos de balanço de gases de efeito estufa, uma vez que o silvipastoril não reduziu a quantidade de carbono orgânico no solo, e quando comparamos com a emissão total no sistema silvipastoril apresentou os menores valores.
The carbon stock in the soil in areas of native forest, silvopastoral systems and eucalyptus plantation are one of the strategies to compensate for the increase in CO2 in the atmosphere. Understanding soil carbon dynamics in primary forests and agroecosystems enables the development of technologies to indicate sustainable systems and analyze soil as a source or stock of C-CO2, and mitigate climate change. In view of the above, this study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of CO2 emission and carbon stock in depth, aiming to obtain indicators related to the quantity and quality of carbon through the degree of humification of organic matter to evaluate soil carbon changes from the conversion of native forest areas to agricultural systems with eucalyptus plantation and silvipastoril system in the cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul. To meet this objective, an experiment was carried out at the UNESP Farm, Ilha Solteira Campus, in the municipality of Selvíria-MS. In adjacent areas and with the soil Red Latosol (Haplic Acrustox). The study was conducted in planted forests of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, native forest of the Cerrado and silvopastoral system area (Ssp), for the evaluation of co2 emission (FCO2) organic carbon, degree of humification of organic matter (HLIFS), temperature, humidity and chemical and physical attributes of the soil. Soil samples were taken in the 0-0.1 m, 0.1-0.2 m, 0.2-0.3 m and 0.3-0.4 m layers. First, the attributes in depth were evaluated to verify the effect of the conversion of native forest areas to agricultural systems with eucalyptus plantation and silvopastoral system in the dynamics of CO2 emission and carbon stock of cerrado soil. In this first characterization evaluation, we observed that SOIL CO2 emission is directly related to soil temperature regardless of depth. And the highest values of FCO2 are related to the areas of eucalyptus and native forest planting and we did not observe significant difference for organic carbon between the areas and depths evaluated. Subsequently, we analyzed the main relationships observed in the most superficial layer of the soil in order to better understand the dynamics of soil organic matter, expressed in terms of soil CO2 emission (FCO2), integrating the analysis of soil organic matter humification index (HLIFS) by spectroscopic methods. We observed that CO2 emission was higher in eucalyptus plantation, this land use presents higher values of humification index of organic matter and soil density. We conclude that the silvopastoral system is sustainable in terms of greenhouse gas balance, since silvipastoril did not reduce the amount of organic carbon in the soil, and when compared with the total emission in the silvopastoral system presented the lowest values.
The carbon stock in the soil in areas of native forest, silvopastoral systems and eucalyptus plantation are one of the strategies to compensate for the increase in CO2 in the atmosphere. Understanding soil carbon dynamics in primary forests and agroecosystems enables the development of technologies to indicate sustainable systems and analyze soil as a source or stock of C-CO2, and mitigate climate change. In view of the above, this study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of CO2 emission and carbon stock in depth, aiming to obtain indicators related to the quantity and quality of carbon through the degree of humification of organic matter to evaluate soil carbon changes from the conversion of native forest areas to agricultural systems with eucalyptus plantation and silvipastoril system in the cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul. To meet this objective, an experiment was carried out at the UNESP Farm, Ilha Solteira Campus, in the municipality of Selvíria-MS. In adjacent areas and with the soil Red Latosol (Haplic Acrustox). The study was conducted in planted forests of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, native forest of the Cerrado and silvopastoral system area (Ssp), for the evaluation of co2 emission (FCO2) organic carbon, degree of humification of organic matter (HLIFS), temperature, humidity and chemical and physical attributes of the soil. Soil samples were taken in the 0-0.1 m, 0.1-0.2 m, 0.2-0.3 m and 0.3-0.4 m layers. First, the attributes in depth were evaluated to verify the effect of the conversion of native forest areas to agricultural systems with eucalyptus plantation and silvopastoral system in the dynamics of CO2 emission and carbon stock of cerrado soil. In this first characterization evaluation, we observed that SOIL CO2 emission is directly related to soil temperature regardless of depth. And the highest values of FCO2 are related to the areas of eucalyptus and native forest planting and we did not observe significant difference for organic carbon between the areas and depths evaluated. Subsequently, we analyzed the main relationships observed in the most superficial layer of the soil in order to better understand the dynamics of soil organic matter, expressed in terms of soil CO2 emission (FCO2), integrating the analysis of soil organic matter humification index (HLIFS) by spectroscopic methods. We observed that CO2 emission was higher in eucalyptus plantation, this land use presents higher values of humification index of organic matter and soil density. We conclude that the silvopastoral system is sustainable in terms of greenhouse gas balance, since silvipastoril did not reduce the amount of organic carbon in the soil, and when compared with the total emission in the silvopastoral system presented the lowest values.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos orgânicos, Cerrados, Solos Testes, Solos Absorção