Relações entre características socioeconômicas e a arborização urbana de uma metrópole brasileira
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2021-09-03
Autores
Costa, Nayara Ribeiro da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O ser humano é uma espécie predominantemente urbana, e sabe-se que a urbanização possui muitos elementos que impactam negativamente nossa sociedade. Uma das maneiras de lidar com esses impactos é a existência das florestas urbanas, que trazem benefícios para a saúde física, mental e bem-estar humano. Dentre os seus componentes está a arborização viária, que é a vegetação disposta no sistema viário público. Apesar da comprovação desses benefícios, a literatura mostra que o acesso a eles é desigual entre diferentes camadas da população, inclusive nas perspectivas social, étnica e de faixa etária. Assim, nossos objetivos foram (1) avaliar a composição e a origem das espécies e indivíduos arbóreos da arborização viária do município de Belo Horizonte - MG e (2) identificar se existem relações entre características socioeconômicas e características da arborização urbana neste local. Devido à duração da pesquisa trabalhamos apenas com as espécies arbóreas com mais de cem indivíduos distribuídos na paisagem. Essas espécies foram classificadas em nativas brasileiras ou exóticas, e em seguida as análises estatísticas foram feitas utilizando o software ArcGIS. A área de trabalho foi dividida em hexágonos de 600m de lado e em cada um deles foram extraídas informações sobre a arborização viária do município (número de árvores, tamanho médio do dossel e número de espécimes da flora nativa) e sobre os dados socioeconômicos (renda média mensal, densidade populacional média, densidade populacional média de idosos e densidade populacional média de crianças). Encontramos que a proporção de espécies nativas e exóticas na comunidade arbórea do local está equilibrada, embora essa comunidade seja dominada por algumas poucas espécies. Também vimos que há tendências de termos menos árvores onde há maior densidade de crianças, e de termos mais árvores e de maior tamanho de dossel onde há maior densidade de idosos. Maiores rendas médias mensais tendem a ser vistas em locais com maior número de árvores, e principalmente árvores da flora nativa. Esses resultados podem contribuir com a geração de políticas para que a arborização viária municipal se torne cada vez mais ambientalmente amigável e socialmente justa.
The human being is a predominantly urban species, and it is known that urbanization has many elements that negatively impact our society. One of the ways to deal with these impacts is the existence of urban forests, which bring benefits to physical and mental health and human well-being. Among its components is road afforestation, which is the vegetation disposed in the public road system. Despite the proof of these benefits, the literature shows that access to them is unequal between different layers of the population, including social, ethnic and age groups. Thus, our objectives were (1) to evaluate the composition and origin of tree species and individuals in the afforestation of roads in the city of Belo Horizonte - MG and (2) to identify whether there are relationships between socioeconomic characteristics and characteristics of urban afforestation in this location. Due to the length of the research, we only worked with tree species with more than one hundred individuals distributed in the landscape. These species were classified as Brazilian native or exotic, and then statistical analyzes were performed using ArcGIS software. The work area was divided into hexagons of 600 meters on each side and information was extracted from each of them on the city's road afforestation (number of trees, average canopy size and number of specimens of native flora) and on socioeconomic data ( average monthly income, average population density, average elderly population density and average population density of children). We found that the proportion of native and exotic species in the local tree community is balanced, although this community is dominated by a few species. We have also seen that there are trends towards having fewer trees where there is a greater density of children, and towards having more trees and larger canopy sizes where there is a greater density of elderly people. Higher average monthly incomes tend to be seen in places with a greater number of trees, and especially native flora trees. These results can contribute to the generation of policies so that municipal road afforestation becomes more and more environmentally friendly and socially fair.
The human being is a predominantly urban species, and it is known that urbanization has many elements that negatively impact our society. One of the ways to deal with these impacts is the existence of urban forests, which bring benefits to physical and mental health and human well-being. Among its components is road afforestation, which is the vegetation disposed in the public road system. Despite the proof of these benefits, the literature shows that access to them is unequal between different layers of the population, including social, ethnic and age groups. Thus, our objectives were (1) to evaluate the composition and origin of tree species and individuals in the afforestation of roads in the city of Belo Horizonte - MG and (2) to identify whether there are relationships between socioeconomic characteristics and characteristics of urban afforestation in this location. Due to the length of the research, we only worked with tree species with more than one hundred individuals distributed in the landscape. These species were classified as Brazilian native or exotic, and then statistical analyzes were performed using ArcGIS software. The work area was divided into hexagons of 600 meters on each side and information was extracted from each of them on the city's road afforestation (number of trees, average canopy size and number of specimens of native flora) and on socioeconomic data ( average monthly income, average population density, average elderly population density and average population density of children). We found that the proportion of native and exotic species in the local tree community is balanced, although this community is dominated by a few species. We have also seen that there are trends towards having fewer trees where there is a greater density of children, and towards having more trees and larger canopy sizes where there is a greater density of elderly people. Higher average monthly incomes tend to be seen in places with a greater number of trees, and especially native flora trees. These results can contribute to the generation of policies so that municipal road afforestation becomes more and more environmentally friendly and socially fair.
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Ecologia, Arborização, Urbanização, Fatores socioeconômicos