Nutrição e o desenvolvimento da glândula mamária de vacas leiteiras: revisão bibliográfica
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Data
2021-08-17
Autores
Machado, Marina Lollato de Oliveira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nesta revisão foram abordados artigos científicos sobre a relação da nutrição com o desenvolvimento da glândula mamária em vacas leiteiras. Para tal, foram utilizadas informações acerca das diversas fontes, dentre elas instituições de pesquisas, sites especializados, revistas de divulgação nacionais e internacionais, boletins técnicos, circulares técnicas, artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais e livros. O objetivo principal de um sistema de manejo de fêmeas de reposição é produzir vacas produtivas e econômicas. Essa excelência não pode ser medida em termos de ganho médio diário ou eficiência alimentar, mas sim pelo potencial de produção de leite da novilha como vaca. O principal fator limitante do potencial de produção de leite de uma vaca, é a quantidade de tecido secretor da glândula mamária. Portanto, priorizar sistemas de manejo da recria que maximizem o desenvolvimento do tecido secretor da glândula mamária, pode consequentemente melhorar a produção de leite dos animais durante toda sua vida produtiva. O potencial genético de cada vaca somente irá ser explorado, se forem utilizados planos nutricionais adequados durante as fases de cria e recria de novilhas. Isto possibilitará conciliar a fase de crescimento do animal com o desenvolvimento da glândula mamária, permitindo que o seu potencial de produção seja explorado na plenitude durante toda a sua vida útil.
This review addressed scientific articles on the relationship between nutrition and the development of the mammary gland in dairy cows. To this end, information was used from various sources, including research institutions, specialized websites, national and international dissemination magazines, technical bulletins, technical circulars, articles published in national and international journals and books. The main objective of a replacement females management system is to produce productive and economical cows. This excellence cannot be measured in terms of average daily gain or feed efficiency, but in terms of the milk production potential of the heifer as a cow. The main limiting factor in a cow's milk production potential is the amount of secretory tissue in the mammary gland. Therefore, prioritizing breeding management systems that maximize the development of the mammary gland's secretory tissue, can consequently improve the milk production of animals throughout their productive life. The genetic potential of each cow will only be explored if adequate nutritional plans are used during the heifer rearing and rearing phases. This will make it possible to reconcile the growth phase of the animal with the development of the mammary gland, allowing its production potential to be fully exploited throughout its useful life.
This review addressed scientific articles on the relationship between nutrition and the development of the mammary gland in dairy cows. To this end, information was used from various sources, including research institutions, specialized websites, national and international dissemination magazines, technical bulletins, technical circulars, articles published in national and international journals and books. The main objective of a replacement females management system is to produce productive and economical cows. This excellence cannot be measured in terms of average daily gain or feed efficiency, but in terms of the milk production potential of the heifer as a cow. The main limiting factor in a cow's milk production potential is the amount of secretory tissue in the mammary gland. Therefore, prioritizing breeding management systems that maximize the development of the mammary gland's secretory tissue, can consequently improve the milk production of animals throughout their productive life. The genetic potential of each cow will only be explored if adequate nutritional plans are used during the heifer rearing and rearing phases. This will make it possible to reconcile the growth phase of the animal with the development of the mammary gland, allowing its production potential to be fully exploited throughout its useful life.
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Palavras-chave
Ganho de peso, Lactação, Bezerro, Úbere, Bovino de leite