A produção artística da criança no ensino fundamental: possibilidades de utilizações do desenho
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Data
2021-07-07
Autores
Calmona, Thaeza Silva Trevisi
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O desenho é um ato indispensável para o ser humano. Essa ação é essencial para o desenvolvimento global e para o aperfeiçoamento da linguagem gráfico-plástica e, neste trabalho, é tratado como tema central da pesquisa. Apesar de sua relevância e importância, no ensino fundamental quase não é utilizado, devido ao tempo que se destina às atividades sistematizadoras e de alfabetização. À luz deste contexto e observando que nessa modalidade de ensino há um alto índice de estagnação do desenho, o objetivo central desta pesquisa foi elaborar um material didático em formato de e-book com propostas de atividades sobre o desenho, para serem utilizadas com os educandos do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental. O material didático Desen-Criarte: desenhando e criando além das aulas de Arte conta com orientações didáticas que proporcionam aos docentes uma reflexão sobre a utilização do desenho nas salas do ensino fundamental. Para que esse produto educacional tivesse relevância e fosse de encontro com a realidade do contexto educacional, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa com a análise e coleta de dados empíricos com a aplicação de questionário com 30 docentes do ensino fundamental I da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de Lins-SP. Investigamos como o processo criador é retratado em sala de aula e analisamos se os docentes reconhecem a importância de usar o desenho para o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem. Desta forma, atrelando a aplicação do questionário, fizemos uma análise documental dos principais documentos norteadores para o primeiro ano do ensino fundamental I em âmbito nacional e municipal para compreender como o desenho é abordado e, assim, tecer quais são os principais desafios para se trabalhar com as produções infantis. Esta pesquisa apresentou relevância, pois constatamos que há uma defasagem no uso do desenho nesta modalidade de ensino e que os docentes não dominaram o tema com total convicção ao qual o produto trará suporte e fundamentação teórica para o contexto educacional.
Drawing is an indispensable act for human beings. This action is essential for the global development and for the improvement of the graphic-plastic language and, in this work, it is treated as the central theme of the research. Despite its relevance and importance, in elementary school it is hardly used, due to the time allocated to systematizing and literacy activities. In light of this context and noting that in this teaching modality there is a high rate of drawing stagnation, the main objective of this research was to develop teaching material in e-book format with proposed activities on drawing, to be used with students of the first year of elementary school. The teaching material Desen-Criarte: drawing and creating beyond the Art classes has didactic guidelines that provide teachers with a reflection on the use of drawing in elementary school classrooms. In order for this educational product to have relevance and to meet the reality of the educational context, we carried out a qualitative research with the analysis and collection of empirical data with the application of a questionnaire with 30 elementary school teachers I from the municipal education network in the city of Lins-SP. We investigate how the creative process is portrayed in the classroom and analyze whether teachers recognize the importance of using drawing for the development of learning. Thus, linking the application of the questionnaire, we carried out a documental analysis of the main guiding documents for the first year of elementary school I at national and municipal levels to understand how the design is approached and, thus, weave what are the main challenges to work with children's productions. This research was relevant, as we found that there is a delay in the use of drawing in this teaching modality and that the teachers did not master the topic with complete conviction to which the product will provide support and theoretical foundation for the educational context.
Drawing is an indispensable act for human beings. This action is essential for the global development and for the improvement of the graphic-plastic language and, in this work, it is treated as the central theme of the research. Despite its relevance and importance, in elementary school it is hardly used, due to the time allocated to systematizing and literacy activities. In light of this context and noting that in this teaching modality there is a high rate of drawing stagnation, the main objective of this research was to develop teaching material in e-book format with proposed activities on drawing, to be used with students of the first year of elementary school. The teaching material Desen-Criarte: drawing and creating beyond the Art classes has didactic guidelines that provide teachers with a reflection on the use of drawing in elementary school classrooms. In order for this educational product to have relevance and to meet the reality of the educational context, we carried out a qualitative research with the analysis and collection of empirical data with the application of a questionnaire with 30 elementary school teachers I from the municipal education network in the city of Lins-SP. We investigate how the creative process is portrayed in the classroom and analyze whether teachers recognize the importance of using drawing for the development of learning. Thus, linking the application of the questionnaire, we carried out a documental analysis of the main guiding documents for the first year of elementary school I at national and municipal levels to understand how the design is approached and, thus, weave what are the main challenges to work with children's productions. This research was relevant, as we found that there is a delay in the use of drawing in this teaching modality and that the teachers did not master the topic with complete conviction to which the product will provide support and theoretical foundation for the educational context.
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Palavras-chave
Ensino fundamental, Desenho infantil, Produção artística, Elementary education, Childish drawing, Artistic production