Efeitos de interferência da época relativa de emergência da nabiça no feijoeiro branco nas safras de inverno e verão
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Data
2021-09-09
Autores
Oliveira, Paloma Maria Jardim de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Plantas de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) apresentam ciclo curto e, por essa razão, podem ser cultivadas em diversas épocas do ano, o que tem proporcionado um cultivo em rotação com outras espécies e em grandes áreas. Entretanto, o feijão pode vir a sofrer interferência de diferentes espécies de plantas daninhas, dentre elas, a nabiça (Raphanus raphanistrum). Com isso, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos das épocas relativas de emergência da nabiça sobre o crescimento e a produtividade do feijoeiro branco, semeado nas safras de inverno e de verão. Os experimentos foram conduzidos por 67 dias após a emergência do feijão branco, em canteiros delimitados por bordas de cimento de 1,2 m x 1,2 m (parcelas), utilizando delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com os sete tratamentos em quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram de seis épocas de emergência da nabiça em relação ao feijoeiro branco, a saber: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 dias após a emergência (DAE), com uma testemunha sem a planta daninha. A partir dos 10 DAE, foram avaliados a altura, número de folhas e teor relativo de clorofila total. Aos 49 DAE foram determinadas a área foliar e massa seca de folhas, caule/ramos e flores/frutos e, ao final do experimento, a produtividade, massa de vagens, 100 grãos e grãos totais. Além disso, nas plantas de nabiça foram determinadas as massas secas de folhas, caule/ramos e flores/frutos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade em função da época de emergência. Em virtude dos resultados, pode-se concluir que para as duas safras (inverno e verão), quando a nabiça emerge dos 10 aos 30 dias após o feijoeiro, os efeitos das épocas relativas de emergência de Raphanus raphanistrum sobre o crescimento e massa dos grãos são maiores, contribuindo para redução na produtividade do feijão branco.
Bean plants have a short cycle and for this reason, they can be cultivated at several periods of the year, which has provided a rotation crop with other species and in large areas. However, beans can come to have interference from different species of weeds, for example, the wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of the relative emergence time of the wild radish in the growth and productivity of white beans sown in the winter and summer seasons. The experiments was conducted for 63 days after white beans sowing in hollow boxes with cement edges (plots), 1.2 m x 1.2 m, using a randomized block design, with seven treatments in four replications. The treatments consisted of six times of emergence of wild radish in relation to the white bean: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days after emergence, with a treatment without the weed. Height, number of leaves and relative content of total chlorophyll were evaluated from 10 days after emergence. At 48 days after emergence the leaf area and dry mass of leaves, stem/branches and flowers/fruits were determined and the productivity at the end of the experiment. In addition, the obtaining of dry mass from the wild radish plants. The data has been submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and the averages compared by the Tukey test at the level of 5% probability depending on the time of emergency. In conclusion, for the two seasons (winter and summer), when the wild radish emerges from 10 to 30 days after the bean plant, the effects of the relative times of emergence of Raphanus raphanistrum on the growth and mass of grains are larger that contributing to a reduction in the productivity of white beans.
Bean plants have a short cycle and for this reason, they can be cultivated at several periods of the year, which has provided a rotation crop with other species and in large areas. However, beans can come to have interference from different species of weeds, for example, the wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of the relative emergence time of the wild radish in the growth and productivity of white beans sown in the winter and summer seasons. The experiments was conducted for 63 days after white beans sowing in hollow boxes with cement edges (plots), 1.2 m x 1.2 m, using a randomized block design, with seven treatments in four replications. The treatments consisted of six times of emergence of wild radish in relation to the white bean: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days after emergence, with a treatment without the weed. Height, number of leaves and relative content of total chlorophyll were evaluated from 10 days after emergence. At 48 days after emergence the leaf area and dry mass of leaves, stem/branches and flowers/fruits were determined and the productivity at the end of the experiment. In addition, the obtaining of dry mass from the wild radish plants. The data has been submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and the averages compared by the Tukey test at the level of 5% probability depending on the time of emergency. In conclusion, for the two seasons (winter and summer), when the wild radish emerges from 10 to 30 days after the bean plant, the effects of the relative times of emergence of Raphanus raphanistrum on the growth and mass of grains are larger that contributing to a reduction in the productivity of white beans.
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Palavras-chave
Ervas daninhas, Competição, Interferência, Feijão