Impacto da suplementação com blocos multifuncionais sobre os parâmetros nutricionais e diversidade bacteriana ruminal de novilhos Nelore
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Data
2021-08-03
Autores
Costa, Rayanne Viana [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal, balanço de nitrogênio, parâmetros da degradabilidade ruminal da matéria seca (MS) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), comportamento ingestivo, os parâmetros metabólicos e a diversidade bacteriana ruminal de novilhos Nelore em regime de alimentação com forragem tropical de baixa qualidade recebendo diferentes fontes de suplementação. Foram utilizados seis novilhos Nelore (350 ±10 kg peso corporal inicial e 24 meses de idade), castrados, canulados permanentemente no rúmen, distribuídos aleatoriamente em um Quadrado Latino duplo 3×3, sendo três tratamentos e três períodos experimentais. Os animais receberam feno de Urochloa brizantha (Hochst.) Stapf, “Marandu” ad libitum como dieta basal e foram suplementados com sal mineral ureado (SMU), concentrado proteico-energético comercial (SPE) ou bloco multifuncional (BMF). O consumo de MS, suplemento, MO, FDNcp e FDA foi superior para os animais suplementados com SPE (P<0,05). Entretanto, o uso do BMF aumentou o consumo e a digestibilidade de PB (P<0,001). Maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade da FDNcp foram observados em animais suplementados com SMU (P=0,032). Houve interação tempo × tratamento para a concentração ruminal de N-NH3 onde animais suplementados com SPE apresentaram maior concentração de amônia as 2, 4 e 6 horas após a alimentação, quando comparado a SMU e BMF (P<0,001). A proporção de propionato foi maior quando BMF foi suplementado (P=0,016). Animais suplementados com BMF e SPE tiveram similar retenção de nitrogênio (RN, g/d) em função do nitrogênio consumido e digerido e eficiência de uso do nitrogênio, porém maiores que os animais suplementados com SMU (P<0,007). A suplementação com concentrado proteico-energético proporcionou maior abundância relativa ruminal de Mogibacterium.spp, Ruminococcaceae UCG-004 e Papilibacter.spp e tendência a maior população relativa de Eubacterium grupo coprostanoligenes quando comparado ao SMU (P<0,05). O Clostridium sp. CAG-352, Lachnoclostridium 10, Prevotellaceae UCG-004, Ruminococcaceae-UCG-011 e Succinivibrio.spp foram identificados apenas no rúmen de novilhos alimentados com SPE. Novilhos suplementados com SMU apresentaram maior abundância relativa ruminal de Fretibacterium.spp e do grupo Lachnospiraceae ND3007 Em relação ao comportamento alimentar, animais suplementados com SPE e BMF despenderam maior tempo na interação com o feno (P=0,004), enquanto animais suplementados com SMU e BMF apresentaram menor tempo de interação com o suplemento (P=0,002). O tempo de alimentação foi maior em animais suplementados com SPE (P<0,001). As concentrações sanguíneas de glicose, insulina, proteínas totais não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). Entretanto, a concentração de ureia foi superior em animais suplementados com BMF (P=0,05) e houve efeito de tratamento e tempo de coleta (P<0,05) na concentração de triglicerídeos; o uso do BMF resultou em maiores concentrações de triglicerídeos e houve uma diminuição linear das concentrações em função do tempo de coleta (P<0,05). A degradabilidade ruminal da fração “a” da MS e a degradabilidade efetiva estimada a 2,5 e 8%h-1 foi similar para animais suplementados com SPE e BMF (P<0,05). Em contraste, a degradabilidade ruminal da fração “b” foi similar entre SMU e SPE (P=0,013) e a degradabilidade potencial foi superior para animais suplementados com SPE (P=0,015). A fração “b” foi correlacionada positivamente com o filo Fibrobacter (P=0,034; r=0,50) e negativamente com a classe Bacilli, as ordens MVP 15, Lactobacillales, os gêneros Lachnospiraceae bacterium FD2005 e Succinimonas.spp (P<0,016; r<-0,56). A fração “b” da FDN foi correlacionada positivamente com as ordens Aeromonadales, Desulfuromonadales, os gêneros Eubacterium hallii group, Coprococcus 1, Ruminiclostridium 5, Ruminobacter e a espécie Lachnospiraceae UCG,002 (P<0,001, r>0,70). A ureia plasmática se correlacionou positivamente com a classe Gammaproteobacteria, a família Ruminococcaceae, os gêneros Ruminobacter.spp e Succinivibrio.spp e a OTU Family XI 2II (P<0,007; r>0,63) e negativamente com a família Prevotellaceae e o gênero Fretibacterium.spp (P<0,036; r<-0,52). O uso dos blocos multifuncionais influencia a composição do ecossistema bacteriano ruminal em favor da família Neisseriaceae e melhora a retenção e a eficiência de uso do nitrogênio. Entretanto, estas mudanças foram semelhantes as geradas pelo suplemento proteico-energético comercial.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the parameters of ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, parameters of ruminal dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability, ingestive behavior, metabolic parameters and ruminal bacterial diversity of Nellore steers fed with low quality tropical forage, receiving different sources of supplementation. Six Nellore steers (350 ±10 kg initial body weight and 24 months of age), castrated, permanently cannulated in the rumen, randomly distributed in a 3×3 double Latin Square, with three treatments and three experimental periods, were used. The animals received Urochloa brizantha (Hochst.) Stapf hay, “Marandu” ad libitum as basal diet and were supplemented with: urea mineral salt (SMU), commercial protein-energy concentrate (SPE) or low-moisture, sugarcane molasses-based block (BMF). The consumption of DM, supplement, MO, NDFcp and FDA was higher for animals supplemented with SPE (P<0.05). However, the use of BMF increased CP intake and digestibility (P<0.001). Higher coefficients of digestibility of NDFcp were observed in animals supplemented with SMU (P=0.032). There was an interaction time × treatment for the ruminal concentration of N-NH3 where animals supplemented with SPE had higher ammonia concentration at 2, 4 and 6 hours after feeding, when compared to SMU and BMF (P<0.001). The proportion of propionate was higher when BMF was supplemented (P=0.016). Animals supplemented with BMF and SPE had similar nitrogen retention (RN, g/d) as a function of consumed and digested nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency, but higher than animals supplemented with SMU (P<0.007). Supplementation with protein-energy concentrate provided higher relative ruminal abundance of Mogibacterium.spp, Ruminococcaceae UCG-004 and Papilibacter.spp and a trend towards higher relative population of Eubacterium group coprostanoligenes when compared to SMU (P<0.05). Clostridium sp. CAG-352, Lachnoclostridium 10, Prevotellaceae UCG-004, Ruminococcaceae-UCG-011 and Succinivibrio.spp were identified only in the rumen of SPE-fed steers. SMU-supplemented steers had higher relative ruminal abundance of Fretibacterium.spp and Lachnospiraceae ND3007 In relation to feeding behavior, animals supplemented with SPE and BMF spent more time in the interaction with hay (P=0.004), while animals supplemented with SMU and BMF showed shorter interaction time with the supplement (P=0.002). Feeding time was longer in animals supplemented with SPE (P<0.001). Blood glucose, insulin, total protein concentrations were not influenced by treatments (P>0.05). However, the urea concentration was higher in animals supplemented with BMF (P=0.05) and there was an effect of treatment and collection time (P<0.05) on the concentration of triglycerides; the use of BMF resulted in higher concentrations of triglycerides and there was a linear decrease in concentrations as a function of collection time (P<0.05). Ruminal degradability of fraction “a” of DM and estimated effective degradability at 2.5 and 8%h-1 were similar for animals supplemented with SPE and BMF (P<0.05). In contrast, the ruminal degradability of fraction “b” was similar between SMU and SPE (P=0.013) and the potential degradability was higher for animals supplemented with SPE (P=0.015). Fraction “b” was positively correlated with the phylum Fibrobacter (P=0.034; r=0.50) and negatively with the class Bacilli, the orders MVP 15, Lactobacillales, the genera Lachnospiraceae bacterium FD2005 and Succinimonas.spp (P<0.016); r<-0.56). The fraction “b” of NDF was positively correlated with the orders Aeromonadales, Desulfuromonadales, the genera Eubacterium hallii group, Coprococcus 1, Ruminiclostridium 5, Ruminobacter and the species Lachnospiraceae UCG.002 (P<0.001, r>0.70). Plasma urea correlated positively with the Gammaproteobacteria class, the Ruminococcaceae family, the Ruminobacter.spp and Succinivibrio.spp genera and the OTU Family XI 2II (P<0.007; r>0.63) and negatively with the Prevotellaceae family and the genus Fretibacterium.spp (P<0.036; r<-0.52). The use of low-moisture, sugarcane molasses-based block influences the composition of the ruminal bacterial ecosystem in favor of the Neisseriaceae family and improves nitrogen retention and use efficiency. However, these changes were like those generated by the commercial protein-energy supplement.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the parameters of ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, parameters of ruminal dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability, ingestive behavior, metabolic parameters and ruminal bacterial diversity of Nellore steers fed with low quality tropical forage, receiving different sources of supplementation. Six Nellore steers (350 ±10 kg initial body weight and 24 months of age), castrated, permanently cannulated in the rumen, randomly distributed in a 3×3 double Latin Square, with three treatments and three experimental periods, were used. The animals received Urochloa brizantha (Hochst.) Stapf hay, “Marandu” ad libitum as basal diet and were supplemented with: urea mineral salt (SMU), commercial protein-energy concentrate (SPE) or low-moisture, sugarcane molasses-based block (BMF). The consumption of DM, supplement, MO, NDFcp and FDA was higher for animals supplemented with SPE (P<0.05). However, the use of BMF increased CP intake and digestibility (P<0.001). Higher coefficients of digestibility of NDFcp were observed in animals supplemented with SMU (P=0.032). There was an interaction time × treatment for the ruminal concentration of N-NH3 where animals supplemented with SPE had higher ammonia concentration at 2, 4 and 6 hours after feeding, when compared to SMU and BMF (P<0.001). The proportion of propionate was higher when BMF was supplemented (P=0.016). Animals supplemented with BMF and SPE had similar nitrogen retention (RN, g/d) as a function of consumed and digested nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency, but higher than animals supplemented with SMU (P<0.007). Supplementation with protein-energy concentrate provided higher relative ruminal abundance of Mogibacterium.spp, Ruminococcaceae UCG-004 and Papilibacter.spp and a trend towards higher relative population of Eubacterium group coprostanoligenes when compared to SMU (P<0.05). Clostridium sp. CAG-352, Lachnoclostridium 10, Prevotellaceae UCG-004, Ruminococcaceae-UCG-011 and Succinivibrio.spp were identified only in the rumen of SPE-fed steers. SMU-supplemented steers had higher relative ruminal abundance of Fretibacterium.spp and Lachnospiraceae ND3007 In relation to feeding behavior, animals supplemented with SPE and BMF spent more time in the interaction with hay (P=0.004), while animals supplemented with SMU and BMF showed shorter interaction time with the supplement (P=0.002). Feeding time was longer in animals supplemented with SPE (P<0.001). Blood glucose, insulin, total protein concentrations were not influenced by treatments (P>0.05). However, the urea concentration was higher in animals supplemented with BMF (P=0.05) and there was an effect of treatment and collection time (P<0.05) on the concentration of triglycerides; the use of BMF resulted in higher concentrations of triglycerides and there was a linear decrease in concentrations as a function of collection time (P<0.05). Ruminal degradability of fraction “a” of DM and estimated effective degradability at 2.5 and 8%h-1 were similar for animals supplemented with SPE and BMF (P<0.05). In contrast, the ruminal degradability of fraction “b” was similar between SMU and SPE (P=0.013) and the potential degradability was higher for animals supplemented with SPE (P=0.015). Fraction “b” was positively correlated with the phylum Fibrobacter (P=0.034; r=0.50) and negatively with the class Bacilli, the orders MVP 15, Lactobacillales, the genera Lachnospiraceae bacterium FD2005 and Succinimonas.spp (P<0.016); r<-0.56). The fraction “b” of NDF was positively correlated with the orders Aeromonadales, Desulfuromonadales, the genera Eubacterium hallii group, Coprococcus 1, Ruminiclostridium 5, Ruminobacter and the species Lachnospiraceae UCG.002 (P<0.001, r>0.70). Plasma urea correlated positively with the Gammaproteobacteria class, the Ruminococcaceae family, the Ruminobacter.spp and Succinivibrio.spp genera and the OTU Family XI 2II (P<0.007; r>0.63) and negatively with the Prevotellaceae family and the genus Fretibacterium.spp (P<0.036; r<-0.52). The use of low-moisture, sugarcane molasses-based block influences the composition of the ruminal bacterial ecosystem in favor of the Neisseriaceae family and improves nitrogen retention and use efficiency. However, these changes were like those generated by the commercial protein-energy supplement.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bactérias, Nutrição animal, Bovino de corte, Rúmen Microbiologia, Rúmen Fermentação, Rumen fermentation, Rumen Microbiology, Forragem