Diálogos entre a teoria dos direitos fundamentais e a análise do comportamento na elaboração de políticas públicas
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Data
2021-09-23
Autores
Carvalhal, Cassiana Stersa Versoza
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os direitos fundamentais são os valores base de uma nação, que fundamentam todo o ordenamento jurídico e constituem objetivo final de um Estado, ou seja, as ações estatais devem promover esse conjunto de direitos. Já o Sistema Ético Skinneriano – uma sistematização da posição de Skinner, em seus escritos, sobre o tema da Ética, feita por estudiosos de sua obra – possui como valor base a sobrevivência das culturas, a qual deveria ser o valor fundamental que norteia a prática do analista do comportamento. Diante das algumas críticas direcionadas à sobrevivência das culturas como valor fundamental e da exigência que políticas públicas concretizem os direitos fundamentais, seria viável que a Análise do Comportamento adotasse a Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais como diretriz ética? Além disso, a tecnologia comportamental poderia auxiliar na promoção dos direitos fundamentais, fins últimos de nossa sociedade, constitucionalmente previstos? Norteados por estes questionamentos, os objetivos deste trabalho foram 1) Estabelecer possíveis aproximações e divergências entre o Sistema Ético Skinneriano e a Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais; 2) Avaliar a possibilidade de que os direitos fundamentais sirvam como diretriz ética para a atuação do analista do comportamento; e 3) apresentar uma possível contribuição da Análise do Comportamento para a concretização dos direitos fundamentais. Para isso, utilizou-se do Procedimento de Interpretação Conceitual de Texto (PICT), o qual foi aplicado a um conjunto de textos skinnerianos e da área de direitos fundamentais. A Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais e o Sistema Ético Skinneriano se aproximam quanto ao caráter histórico e contextual da explicação e definição de valores e a natureza aberta desses dois sistemas, isto é, não são sistemas que apresentam um conjunto de valores imutáveis; pelo contrário, preveem que se possa alterar os valores que compõem o sistema, com base nas demandas sociais. Por outro lado, as duas teorias possuem pontos de tensão importantes à possibilidade de um eu iniciador e o valor principal. Enquanto a Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais está calcada em uma concepção de autonomia da vontade, conceito que sustenta o valor principal da teoria, a saber, a dignidade da pessoa humana; o Sistema Ético Skinneriano rejeita qualquer explicação que recorra a um homem autônomo, explicando o comportamento humano a partir das relações de controle entre o indivíduo e seu meio, e tem a sobrevivência das culturas como valor fundamental de seu sistema ético. Mesmo com divergências importantes entre as teorias, defende-se que, ainda assim, é possível lançar mão da tecnologia produzida pela Análise do Comportamento para a promoção da efetivação dos direitos fundamentais constitucionais. A proposta apresentada para alcançar o objetivo 3 buscou descrever alguns princípios comportamentais que, se aplicados à relação entre servidores públicos e cidadãos com o objetivo do fortalecimento do controle face a face, podem aumentar a efetivação dos direitos fundamentais que são mediados nesta relação.
Fundamental rights are the basic values of a nation, which underlie the entire legal order and constitute the ultimate objective of a State, that is, State actions must promote this set of rights. The Skinnerian Ethical System - a systematization of Skinner's position about Ethics - has as its base value the survival of cultures, which should be the fundamental value that guides the practice of the behavior analyst. In light of some criticism directed at the survival of cultures as a fundamental value and the demand that public policies promotes fundamental rights, it would be feasible for the Behavior Analysis to adopt the Fundamental Rights Theory as an ethical guideline? In addition, the technology of behavior could help to promote fundamental rights, the ultimate ends of our society? Guided by these questions, the objectives of this work were 1) Establish possible approaches and divergences between the Skinnerian Ethical System and Fundamental Rights Theory; 2) Assess the possibility that the fundamental rights serve as an ethical guideline for the performance of the behavior analyst; and 3) present a possible contribution of Behavior Analysis to the achievement fundamental rights. For this, the Conceptual Interpretation Procedure of Text was used, which was applied to a set of Skinnerian and rights area texts fundamental. The Theory of Fundamental Rights and the Skinnerian Ethical System agreed about the historical and contextual character of the explanation and definition of values and the open nature of these two systems, that is, they are not systems that present a set of immutable values; on the contrary, they foresee that the values that make up the system can change based on social demands. On the other hand, both theories have points of stress about the possibility of an initiating self and about the main value. The Theory of Fundamental Rights is based on a conception of autonomy of will, which upholds the main value of the theory, the dignity of the human person. In other hand, the Skinnerian Ethical System rejects any explanation that resorts to an autonomous man, explaining the human behavior from the control relations between the individual and his environment, and has the survival of cultures as a fundamental value of their ethical system. Even with important divergences between the theories, it is argued that it is possible to use the technology produced by the Behavior Analysis to promote fundamental rights. The proposal presented to achieve goal 3 sought describe some behavioral principles that, if applied to the relationship between public workers and citizens with the aim of strengthening face-to-face control may increase the realization of the fundamental rights that are mediated in this relationship.
Fundamental rights are the basic values of a nation, which underlie the entire legal order and constitute the ultimate objective of a State, that is, State actions must promote this set of rights. The Skinnerian Ethical System - a systematization of Skinner's position about Ethics - has as its base value the survival of cultures, which should be the fundamental value that guides the practice of the behavior analyst. In light of some criticism directed at the survival of cultures as a fundamental value and the demand that public policies promotes fundamental rights, it would be feasible for the Behavior Analysis to adopt the Fundamental Rights Theory as an ethical guideline? In addition, the technology of behavior could help to promote fundamental rights, the ultimate ends of our society? Guided by these questions, the objectives of this work were 1) Establish possible approaches and divergences between the Skinnerian Ethical System and Fundamental Rights Theory; 2) Assess the possibility that the fundamental rights serve as an ethical guideline for the performance of the behavior analyst; and 3) present a possible contribution of Behavior Analysis to the achievement fundamental rights. For this, the Conceptual Interpretation Procedure of Text was used, which was applied to a set of Skinnerian and rights area texts fundamental. The Theory of Fundamental Rights and the Skinnerian Ethical System agreed about the historical and contextual character of the explanation and definition of values and the open nature of these two systems, that is, they are not systems that present a set of immutable values; on the contrary, they foresee that the values that make up the system can change based on social demands. On the other hand, both theories have points of stress about the possibility of an initiating self and about the main value. The Theory of Fundamental Rights is based on a conception of autonomy of will, which upholds the main value of the theory, the dignity of the human person. In other hand, the Skinnerian Ethical System rejects any explanation that resorts to an autonomous man, explaining the human behavior from the control relations between the individual and his environment, and has the survival of cultures as a fundamental value of their ethical system. Even with important divergences between the theories, it is argued that it is possible to use the technology produced by the Behavior Analysis to promote fundamental rights. The proposal presented to achieve goal 3 sought describe some behavioral principles that, if applied to the relationship between public workers and citizens with the aim of strengthening face-to-face control may increase the realization of the fundamental rights that are mediated in this relationship.
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Palavras-chave
Políticas públicas, Direitos fundamentais, Ética, Análise do comportamento, Public policy, Fundamental rights, Behavior analysis, Ethics