Análise da produção científica sobre segurança alimentar e nutricional de países africanos da comunidade de língua portuguesa
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Data
2021-11-18
Autores
Miquitaio, Augusto Mário
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) se apresenta como um dos desafios mais urgentes para a humanidade no século XXI, em particular aos países do continente Africano. Neste sentido, em julho de 2012, foi instituída a Estratégia de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (ESAN-CPLP). Encontro que reuniu os estados-membros da CPLP que discutiram e aprovaram um conjunto de acordos políticos para a erradicação da fome e promoção da SAN na comunidade em três eixos (1° fortalecimento da governança da segurança alimentar e nutricional; 2° promoção do acesso e utilização dos alimentos para melhoria dos modos de vida dos grupos mais vulneráveis; 3° aumento da disponibilidade de alimentos com base nos pequenos produtores). O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral Mapear e analisar a produção científica relacionada à Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional de Angola, Cabo Verde, Guiné-Bissau, Guiné Equatorial, Moçambique e São Tomé e Príncipe, com ênfase nos pesquisadores vinculados às instituições nacionais. São apresentados dois capítulos. No primeiro capítulo foi realizada uma análise bibliométrica da literatura revisada por pares referente a produção científica referente à SAN referente aos países da CPLP. A pesquisa foi realizada no banco de dados multidisciplinar SciVerse SCOPUS e os dados foram analisados (indicadores bibliométricos e elaboração de mapas de rede) por meio do software VOSviewer (versão 1.16.16). A pesquisa recuperou 253 documentos publicados entre 1984 e 2021. As cinco principais palavras-chave dos trabalhos foram: Moçambique, Desnutrição, Crianças, Segurança Alimentar e Angola. O pesquisador Peter Aaby (Bandim Health Project) teve o maior número de citações. Na análise de coautoria dos países, Moçambique e os Estados Unidos tiveram mais documentos e uma ligação de força entre si. Cabo Verde teve um maior nível de coautoria com Portugal, Guiné-Bissau com a Dinamarca e Guiné Equatorial com Espanha. O periódico científico mais bem classificado em número de citações foi o Bulletin of the World Health Organization, enquanto a PlosOne teve mais documentos publicados. Em conclusão, o volume de publicações sobre SAN nos PALOPs é baixo, mas aumentou consideravelmente nos últimos 10 anos em três temas principais de pesquisa: sistema alimentar, desnutrição e doenças infecciosas e estado nutricional. As colaborações internacionais devem ser incentivadas para estimular a publicação científica nos PALOPs, especialmente na Guiné Equatorial, Cabo Verde e São Tomé e Príncipe. O segundo capítulo envolveu a realização de uma revisão sistemática de escopo para mapear e caracterizar a produção científica de pesquisadores de instituições africanas de língua portuguesa convergentes com a ESAN-CPLP. A pesquisa foi realizada em seis bases de dados (PubMed, Embase, Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde [BVS], Scielo, Scopus e Web of Science), sem restrição quanto ao ano de publicação e idioma. Pela estratégia de busca foram identificados 10.061 registros, dos quais 502 documentos foram selecionados por especialistas em SAN. Pesquisadores de intuições de Moçambique e Guiné-Bissau foram os que mais apresentavam publicações e colaborações internacionais. O eixo dois da ESAN-CPLP foi o que apresentou maior número de publicações (61% do total). As temáticas mais estudadas foram desenvolvimento sustentável, desnutrição infantil e produção agrícola para o primeiro, segundo e terceiro eixo, respectivamente. Pesquisadores de instituições de Cabo Verde, São Tomé e Príncipe e Guiné Equatorial juntos somam apenas 5,8% do total de produções sobre ESAN-CPLP. Em conclusão, agências de fomento à pesquisa e instituições internacionais, como CPLP e FAO, devem apoiar as instituições africanas de língua portuguesa com ênfase principalmente para o primeiro e terceiro eixo da ESAN-CPLP.
Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) presents itself as one of the most urgent challenges for humanity in the 21st century, particularly for countries on the African continent. In this regard, in July 2012, it was established the Food Security and Nutrition Strategy of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (FSNS-CPLP). Meeting that brought together CPLP member states that discussed and approved a set of principles and political agreement for the eradication of hunger and the promotion of FNS in the community in three axes (1- Strengthening the governance of food and nutritional security; 2- Promotion of access and use of food to improve the livelihoods of the most vulnerable groups; 3- Increase in food availability based on small producers). This study aimed to map and characterize the evidence related to the FNS of Portuguese-speaking African countries divided into two parts. The first part of the study carried out bibliometric analyzes of the peer-reviewed literature regarding the scientific production of the FNS. The research was carried out in the multidisciplinary SciVerse SCOPUS database, and the data were analyzed (bibliometric indicators and preparation of network maps) using the VOSviewer software (version 1.16.16). The search query retrieved 253 documents published between 1984 and 2021. The top five author keywords were: Mozambique, Malnutrition, Children, Food Security, and Angola. Researcher Peter Aaby (from Bandim Health Project) had the highest number of citations. On the country co-authorship analysis, Mozambique and the United States had more documents and a significant link of strength with each other. Cape Verde had a higher level of co-authorship with Portugal, Guinea-Bissau with Denmark, and Equatorial Guinea with Spain. The highestranked scientific journal in the number of citations was the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, while Plos One had the most published documents. In conclusion, the volume of publications on SAN in the PALOPs is low, but it has increased considerably in the last 10 years in three main research themes: food system, malnutrition and infectious diseases, and nutritional status. International collaborations should be encouraged to stimulate scientific publication in the PALOPs, especially in Equatorial Guinea, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Príncipe. The second part of the study involves a systematic review of scope to characterize the state of evidence of researchers from Portuguese-speaking African institutions concerning ESAN-CPLP. The research was carried out in six databases (PubMed, Embase, Virtual Health Library [VHL], Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science), with no restrictions regarding the year of publication and language. Through the search strategy, 10,061 records were identified, of which FNS specialists selected 502 documents. Intuition researchers from Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau were the ones who presented the most publications and international collaborations. Axis two was the one with the highest number of publications (61% of the total). The most studied themes were sustainable development, child malnutrition, and agricultural production for the first, second, and third axis. Researchers from Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe and Equatorial Guinea together account for only 5.8% of the total production on ESAN-CPLP. In conclusion, research funding agencies and international institutions, such as CPLP and FAO, should support Portuguese-speaking African institutions, emphasizing the first and third axis of ESAN-CPLP.
Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) presents itself as one of the most urgent challenges for humanity in the 21st century, particularly for countries on the African continent. In this regard, in July 2012, it was established the Food Security and Nutrition Strategy of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (FSNS-CPLP). Meeting that brought together CPLP member states that discussed and approved a set of principles and political agreement for the eradication of hunger and the promotion of FNS in the community in three axes (1- Strengthening the governance of food and nutritional security; 2- Promotion of access and use of food to improve the livelihoods of the most vulnerable groups; 3- Increase in food availability based on small producers). This study aimed to map and characterize the evidence related to the FNS of Portuguese-speaking African countries divided into two parts. The first part of the study carried out bibliometric analyzes of the peer-reviewed literature regarding the scientific production of the FNS. The research was carried out in the multidisciplinary SciVerse SCOPUS database, and the data were analyzed (bibliometric indicators and preparation of network maps) using the VOSviewer software (version 1.16.16). The search query retrieved 253 documents published between 1984 and 2021. The top five author keywords were: Mozambique, Malnutrition, Children, Food Security, and Angola. Researcher Peter Aaby (from Bandim Health Project) had the highest number of citations. On the country co-authorship analysis, Mozambique and the United States had more documents and a significant link of strength with each other. Cape Verde had a higher level of co-authorship with Portugal, Guinea-Bissau with Denmark, and Equatorial Guinea with Spain. The highestranked scientific journal in the number of citations was the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, while Plos One had the most published documents. In conclusion, the volume of publications on SAN in the PALOPs is low, but it has increased considerably in the last 10 years in three main research themes: food system, malnutrition and infectious diseases, and nutritional status. International collaborations should be encouraged to stimulate scientific publication in the PALOPs, especially in Equatorial Guinea, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Príncipe. The second part of the study involves a systematic review of scope to characterize the state of evidence of researchers from Portuguese-speaking African institutions concerning ESAN-CPLP. The research was carried out in six databases (PubMed, Embase, Virtual Health Library [VHL], Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science), with no restrictions regarding the year of publication and language. Through the search strategy, 10,061 records were identified, of which FNS specialists selected 502 documents. Intuition researchers from Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau were the ones who presented the most publications and international collaborations. Axis two was the one with the highest number of publications (61% of the total). The most studied themes were sustainable development, child malnutrition, and agricultural production for the first, second, and third axis. Researchers from Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe and Equatorial Guinea together account for only 5.8% of the total production on ESAN-CPLP. In conclusion, research funding agencies and international institutions, such as CPLP and FAO, should support Portuguese-speaking African institutions, emphasizing the first and third axis of ESAN-CPLP.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Segurança Alimentar Nutricional, Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, Direito Humano à Alimentação, Agricultura, Nutrição, Food and Nutrition Security, Community of Portuguese-speaking African countries, Human Right to Food, Agriculture, Nutrition