Avaliação de indicadores físicos e químicos de qualidade da água destinado à preservação dos ambientes aquáticos em unidades de conservação
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Data
2021-12-14
Autores
Cunha, Marcos da Silva
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As unidades de conservação precisam que seus recursos hídricos tenham qualidade ambiental para que os processos ecológicos e sua biodiversidade sejam mantidos, principalmente nos ambientes aquáticos. Determinar os parâmetros de qualidade de água que melhor responderam as alterações no uso do solo nas bacias hidrográficas pesquisadas, avaliar como se encontra a efetiva proteção às nascentes e cursos de água de duas bacias hidrográficas com usos distintos e dimensionar as perdas da qualidade dos recursos hídricos ocasionadas pelo uso do solo nos diversos ambientes encontrados na região foram os objetivos da pesquisa. Buscando os melhores parâmetros físicos e químicos para avaliar a qualidade das águas destas áreas foram analisados dados das coletas de água das bacias dos rios Formoso e Sucuriú, próximos o suficiente para manter características geomorfológicas e de regimes de chuva, sendo uma preservada e outra com uso por atividades agropecuárias. Através de avaliação ambiental da área do estudo por meio de informações georreferenciadas e por meios modernos de levantamento de imagens foi possível avaliar diferentes tipos de usos e seus impactos diretos nos recursos hídricos das duas bacias hidrográficas analisadas. Analisando os dados aferidos nas coletas de campo e laboratório com as correlações entre os parâmetros, com os usos do solo e o detalhamento dos impactos foi possível determinar a relação entre os usos e impactos. A partir dos resultados de campo e laboratório foi possível apontar os parâmetros físicos e químicos que são efetivos para apontar as alterações na qualidade da água nas bacias hidrográficas pesquisadas. Também foi possível ter a oportunidade de analisar a ocorrência de um possível distúrbio ocorrido em uma das bacias analisadas na última coleta de dados, determinando os parâmetros que melhor responderam a situação existente em cada bacia hidrográfica analisada. Observou se que a boa qualidade da água em um ambiente preservado respondeu positivamente nos resultados dos parâmetros de qualidade de água analisados e no ambiente com usos agrícolas e outros ocorreram alterações negativas nos resultados dos parâmetros analisados.
Conservation units need their water resources to have environmental quality so that ecological processes and their biodiversity are maintained, especially in aquatic environments. Determine the water quality parameters that best responded to changes in land use in the surveyed river basins, assess the effective protection of springs and water courses in two river basins with different uses, and measure the losses in the quality of water resources caused using the soil in the different environments found in the region were the objectives of the research. Seeking the best physical and chemical parameters to assess the quality of water in these areas, data from water collections from the basins of the Formoso and Sucuriú rivers were analyzed, close enough to maintain geomorphological characteristics and rainfall regimes, one preserved and the other with use for agricultural activities. Through an environmental assessment of the study area through georeferenced information and by modern means of image survey, it was possible to assess different types of uses and their direct impacts on water resources in the two hydrographic basins analyzed. Analyzing the data measured in the field and laboratory collections with the correlations between the parameters, with the land uses and the impact details, it was possible to determine the relationship between uses and impacts. From the field and laboratory results, it was possible to point out the physical and chemical parameters that are effective in pointing out changes in water quality in the surveyed hydrographic basins. It was also possible to have the opportunity to analyze the occurrence of a possible disturbance that occurred in one of the basins analyzed in the last data collection, determining the parameters that best responded to the existing situation in each hydrographic basin analyzed. It was observed that good water quality in a preserved environment responded positively to the results of the water quality parameters analyzed and in the environment with agricultural and other uses, there were negative changes in the results of the analyzed parameters.
Conservation units need their water resources to have environmental quality so that ecological processes and their biodiversity are maintained, especially in aquatic environments. Determine the water quality parameters that best responded to changes in land use in the surveyed river basins, assess the effective protection of springs and water courses in two river basins with different uses, and measure the losses in the quality of water resources caused using the soil in the different environments found in the region were the objectives of the research. Seeking the best physical and chemical parameters to assess the quality of water in these areas, data from water collections from the basins of the Formoso and Sucuriú rivers were analyzed, close enough to maintain geomorphological characteristics and rainfall regimes, one preserved and the other with use for agricultural activities. Through an environmental assessment of the study area through georeferenced information and by modern means of image survey, it was possible to assess different types of uses and their direct impacts on water resources in the two hydrographic basins analyzed. Analyzing the data measured in the field and laboratory collections with the correlations between the parameters, with the land uses and the impact details, it was possible to determine the relationship between uses and impacts. From the field and laboratory results, it was possible to point out the physical and chemical parameters that are effective in pointing out changes in water quality in the surveyed hydrographic basins. It was also possible to have the opportunity to analyze the occurrence of a possible disturbance that occurred in one of the basins analyzed in the last data collection, determining the parameters that best responded to the existing situation in each hydrographic basin analyzed. It was observed that good water quality in a preserved environment responded positively to the results of the water quality parameters analyzed and in the environment with agricultural and other uses, there were negative changes in the results of the analyzed parameters.
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Palavras-chave
Bacia hidrográfica, Unidade de conservação, Qualidade de água, Parâmetros, Conservation unit, Hydrographic basine, Water quality