Hérnia diafragmática em pequenos animais
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Data
2022-01-20
Autores
Toledo, Raíne da Luz Nogueira de
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A hérnia diafragmática é uma desordem relativamente frequente na clínica cirúrgica de pequenos animais, caracterizada pela descontinuidade do diafragma em virtude de um processo de ruptura ou defeito, por meio do qual os órgãos da cavidade abdominal têm a possibilidade de deslocamento para a cavidade torácica. Sendo assim, o objetivo da presente revisão foi discorrer sobre a anatomia do diafragma e estruturas associadas, a etiologia da hérnia diafragmática, os sinais clínicos, diagnóstico e possibilidades de tratamento. O diafragma é o mais importante músculo inspiratório composto de uma porção muscular que circunda um centro tendíneo. A etiologia da hérnia diafragmática pode ser congênita ou adquirida, sendo nas traumáticas associado especialmente aos acidentes automobilísticos. O diagnóstico se baseia na história clínica e exame físico, porém a definição final requer exames de imagem, sendo o mais frequentemente empregado o exame radiográfico simples. Porém, em algumas circunstâncias faz-se necessário o exame ultrassonográfico. O tratamento requer procedimento cirúrgico, o qual na maioria das vezes é feito pela celiotomia mediana.
The diaphragmatic hernia is a relatively common disease in routine surgical procedures for small animals. This hernia is characterized by discontinuity of the diaphragm due to a rupture or defect, which may result in the displacement of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity. Therefore, this review aimed to discuss the anatomy of the diaphragm and associated structures, the etiology of diaphragmatic hernia, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment possibilities. The diaphragm is the most important inspiratory muscle composed of a muscle portion that surrounds a central tendon. The etiology of a diaphragmatic hernia can be congenital or acquired. The traumatic cause is commonly associated with motor vehicle accidents. The diagnosis is based on the clinical history and physical examination. However, the final diagnosis requires imaging studies being plain radiographic examination the most frequently used. However, in some cases an ultrasound examination is necessary. Treatment requires a surgical procedure, most of them performed by using median celiotomy.
The diaphragmatic hernia is a relatively common disease in routine surgical procedures for small animals. This hernia is characterized by discontinuity of the diaphragm due to a rupture or defect, which may result in the displacement of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity. Therefore, this review aimed to discuss the anatomy of the diaphragm and associated structures, the etiology of diaphragmatic hernia, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment possibilities. The diaphragm is the most important inspiratory muscle composed of a muscle portion that surrounds a central tendon. The etiology of a diaphragmatic hernia can be congenital or acquired. The traumatic cause is commonly associated with motor vehicle accidents. The diagnosis is based on the clinical history and physical examination. However, the final diagnosis requires imaging studies being plain radiographic examination the most frequently used. However, in some cases an ultrasound examination is necessary. Treatment requires a surgical procedure, most of them performed by using median celiotomy.
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Palavras-chave
Hérnia, Diafragma, Pequenos animais, Cirurgia, Hernia, Small animal, Diaphragm, Surgery