Condições de saúde bucal em idosos nas regiões de Benguela e Bocoio – Angola
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2021-12-22
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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RESUMO GERAL A saúde bucal da população africana, segundo a OMS é deficiente, afeta a saúde geral e o bem-estar de milhões de pessoas, entretanto há poucos dados sobre o idoso. O objetivo nesta pesquisa foi verificar as condições de saúde bucal de idosos nas comunidades de Benguela e Bocoio, em Angola. Foi realizado um estudo observacional, analítico, transversal, na província de Benguela, nas regiões de Benguela e Bocoio, no período de Outubro a Dezembro de 2019. A população estudada envolveu idosos dos 60 a 90 anos. A amostra foi constituída por 320 idosos, sendo que, 40 pertencem ao lar de terceira idade Ondjo Yetu, 67 aos domicílios da cidade de Benguela, e 213 da comunidade do Bocoio. Foram avaliadas as variáveis sociodemográficas, percepção de saúde bucal, alimentação e uso de bebidas açucaradas, uso de álcool e cigarro, cárie dentária, saúde periodontal, lesão bucal, uso e necessidade de prótese. Os resultados demonstraram que grande parte era do sexo feminino (65,31%), na faixa etária dos 60 a 70 anos (80,93%), vivia na zona rural (66,56%), não trabalhava (87,19%), e não foram alfabetizados (71,25%). Quanto a percepção de saúde bucal 17, 50% teve desconforto na boca, 10,66% não sabia o seu estado de percepção bucal, 5,31% não utilizava escova dentária e pasta dentrífica com flúor, 35,63% faz a escovação dentária uma vez ao dia, 17,50% utilizava o palito de madeira, 0,63% fazia o uso do fio dental, 19,35% não teve dificuldade de mastigar alimentos, 14,38% teve dificuldade com a fala algumas vezes, 33,44% sentiu a sensação de boca seca algumas vezes, 6,56% teve constrangimento por causa da aparência dos dentes algumas vezes, 10,31% evitou sorrir por causa dos dentes algumas vezes, 14,38% não teve sono interrompido por causa da dor de dente, 4,06% consumiam doces de festa algumas vezes por mês, 17,50% raramente ou nunca fazia ingestão de bebidas açucaradas, 23,13% fazia o uso de cigarro todos os dias, 11,56% consumiu 2 drinques de álcool nos últimos 30 dias. Quanto a consulta odontológica (69,06%) fizeram a sua última consulta odontológica de 12 a 24 meses e o motivo da consulta foi por dor de dente gengiva ou boca (95%). A média de índice de CPOD foi 19,1 com desvio padrão 5,9. Do total 58,43% possuía 20 dentes ou mais na boca, com alta porcentagem de dentes perdidos por cárie (60,04%), apresentava bolsa periodontal de 4-6mm e quase a totalidade (99,69%) não usava e necessitava de prótese dentária (95,62%). Concluiu-se que a condição de saúde bucal da população idosa é precária e marcada por uma elevada proporção de dentes perdidos e deficiência no uso de próteses.
GENERAL ABSTRACT The oral health of the African population, according to the WHO, is deficient, affects the general health and well-being of millions of people, however there is little data on the elderly. The objective of this research was to verify the oral health conditions of the elderly in the communities of Benguela and Bocoio, in Angola. An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out in the province of Benguela, in the regions of Benguela and Bocoio, from October to December 2019. The population studied involved elderly people aged 60 to 90 years. The sample consisted of 320 elderly people, 40 of whom belong to the Ondjo Yetu nursing home, 67 to the homes in the city of Benguela, and 213 to the community of Bocoio. Sociodemographic variables, perception of oral health, diet and use of sugary drinks, use of alcohol and cigarettes, dental caries, periodontal health, oral lesions, use and need for dentures were evaluated. The results showed that most were female (65.31%), aged between 60 and 70 years (80.93%), lived in rural areas (66.56%), did not work (87.19% ), and were not literate (71.25%). As for the perception of oral health, 17 50% had discomfort in the mouth, 10.66% did not know their oral perception status, 5.31% did not use a toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste, 35.63% did a toothbrush once a day, 17.50% used a wooden toothpick, 0.63% used dental floss, 19.35% had no difficulty chewing food, 14.38% had difficulty speaking sometimes, 33 .44% felt the sensation of dry mouth sometimes, 6.56% felt embarrassment because of the appearance of the teeth sometimes, 10.31% avoided smiling because of the teeth sometimes, 14.38% had no interrupted sleep because of of toothache, 4.06% consumed party sweets a few times a month, 17.50% rarely or never ingested sugary drinks, 23.13% smoked every day, 11.56% consumed 2 alcohol drinks in the last 30 days. As for the dental appointment (69.06%) they had their last dental appointment between 12 and 24 months and the reason for the appointment was toothache, gums or mouth (95%). The mean DMFT index was 19.1 with a standard deviation of 5.9. Of the total, 58.43% had 20 teeth or more in the mouth, with a high percentage of teeth lost due to caries (60.04%), had a periodontal pocket of 4-6mm and almost all (99.69%) did not use and needed of dental prosthesis (95.62%). It was concluded that the oral health condition of the elderly population is precarious and marked by a high proportion of missing teeth and a deficiency in the use of dentures.
GENERAL ABSTRACT The oral health of the African population, according to the WHO, is deficient, affects the general health and well-being of millions of people, however there is little data on the elderly. The objective of this research was to verify the oral health conditions of the elderly in the communities of Benguela and Bocoio, in Angola. An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out in the province of Benguela, in the regions of Benguela and Bocoio, from October to December 2019. The population studied involved elderly people aged 60 to 90 years. The sample consisted of 320 elderly people, 40 of whom belong to the Ondjo Yetu nursing home, 67 to the homes in the city of Benguela, and 213 to the community of Bocoio. Sociodemographic variables, perception of oral health, diet and use of sugary drinks, use of alcohol and cigarettes, dental caries, periodontal health, oral lesions, use and need for dentures were evaluated. The results showed that most were female (65.31%), aged between 60 and 70 years (80.93%), lived in rural areas (66.56%), did not work (87.19% ), and were not literate (71.25%). As for the perception of oral health, 17 50% had discomfort in the mouth, 10.66% did not know their oral perception status, 5.31% did not use a toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste, 35.63% did a toothbrush once a day, 17.50% used a wooden toothpick, 0.63% used dental floss, 19.35% had no difficulty chewing food, 14.38% had difficulty speaking sometimes, 33 .44% felt the sensation of dry mouth sometimes, 6.56% felt embarrassment because of the appearance of the teeth sometimes, 10.31% avoided smiling because of the teeth sometimes, 14.38% had no interrupted sleep because of of toothache, 4.06% consumed party sweets a few times a month, 17.50% rarely or never ingested sugary drinks, 23.13% smoked every day, 11.56% consumed 2 alcohol drinks in the last 30 days. As for the dental appointment (69.06%) they had their last dental appointment between 12 and 24 months and the reason for the appointment was toothache, gums or mouth (95%). The mean DMFT index was 19.1 with a standard deviation of 5.9. Of the total, 58.43% had 20 teeth or more in the mouth, with a high percentage of teeth lost due to caries (60.04%), had a periodontal pocket of 4-6mm and almost all (99.69%) did not use and needed of dental prosthesis (95.62%). It was concluded that the oral health condition of the elderly population is precarious and marked by a high proportion of missing teeth and a deficiency in the use of dentures.
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Palavras-chave
Idoso, Saúde bucal, Inquéritos epidemiológicos, Oral health