Micoplasmose hemotrópica felina
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Data
2022-01-19
Autores
Rocha, Victor Augusto Stelzer
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A micoplasmose hemotrópica felina é considerada uma das principais doenças infectocontagiosas em felinos domésticos. A micoplasmose felina possui etiologia bacteriana e é causada pelo Mycoplasma haemofelis, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum e Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis e pode apresentar caráter crônico ou agudo, causando principalmente uma anemia hemolítica grave. É transmitida por ectoparasitas hematófagos, contato social entre felinos, transfusão sanguínea e de forma vertical. Aparentemente machos adultos com acesso à rua são mais predispostos à infecção. A doença é caracterizada por anorexia, letargia, emagrecimento progressivo, depressão, desidratação, pirexia e esplenomegalia. O diagnóstico de rotina é baseado na sintomatologia clínica e nos exames hematológicos. A identificação presuntiva do agente é realizada pela visualização do patógeno em esfregaço sanguíneo ou em reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) ou sequenciamento, que possibilitam diferenciar as espécies de micoplasmas. O tratamento da doença baseia-se no uso de antimicrobianos sistêmicos, suporte nutricional e hidroeletrolítico, e transfusão sanguínea para animais com anemia grave. Os principais fármacos de escolha no tratamento são das classes das tetraciclinas e fluorquinolonas. As principais medidas preventivas incluem o controle de ectoparasitas, criação indoor dos felinos domésticos e vacinação contra o vírus da leucemia felina. O presente estudo revisou os principais aspectos da etiologia e epidemiologia, sinais clínicos, métodos de diagnóstico, tratamento e ações de controle e profilaxia relacionadas à micoplasmose hemotrópica felina.
Feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis is considered one of the main infectious diseases in domestic felines. Feline mycoplasmosis has a bacterial etiology and is caused by Mycoplasma haemofelis, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis and can be chronic or acute, mainly causing severe hemolytic anemia. It is transmitted by hematophagous ectoparasites, social contact between felines, blood transfusion and vertically. Apparently adult males with access to the street are more prone to infection. The disease is characterized by anorexia, lethargy, progressive emaciation, depression, dehydration, pyrexia and splenomegaly. Routine diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and hematological tests. Presumptive identification of the agent is performed by viewing the pathogen in a blood smear or in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) or sequencing, which make it possible to differentiate the species of mycoplasmas. The treatment of the disease is based on the use of systemic antimicrobials, nutritional and electrolyte support, and blood transfusion for animals with severe anemia. The main drugs of choice for treatment are from the classes of tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. The main preventive measures include the control of ectoparasites, indoor breeding of domestic felines and vaccination against the feline leukemia virus. The present study reviewed the main aspects of etiology and epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnostic methods, treatment and control and prophylaxis actions related to feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis.
Feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis is considered one of the main infectious diseases in domestic felines. Feline mycoplasmosis has a bacterial etiology and is caused by Mycoplasma haemofelis, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis and can be chronic or acute, mainly causing severe hemolytic anemia. It is transmitted by hematophagous ectoparasites, social contact between felines, blood transfusion and vertically. Apparently adult males with access to the street are more prone to infection. The disease is characterized by anorexia, lethargy, progressive emaciation, depression, dehydration, pyrexia and splenomegaly. Routine diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and hematological tests. Presumptive identification of the agent is performed by viewing the pathogen in a blood smear or in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) or sequencing, which make it possible to differentiate the species of mycoplasmas. The treatment of the disease is based on the use of systemic antimicrobials, nutritional and electrolyte support, and blood transfusion for animals with severe anemia. The main drugs of choice for treatment are from the classes of tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. The main preventive measures include the control of ectoparasites, indoor breeding of domestic felines and vaccination against the feline leukemia virus. The present study reviewed the main aspects of etiology and epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnostic methods, treatment and control and prophylaxis actions related to feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis.
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Mycoplasma spp., Anemia infecciosa felina, Hemoplasmose felina, Micoplasmose felina, Feline infectious anemia, Feline hemoplasmosis, Feline mycoplasmosis