Transformações urbanas em Araçatuba e Birigui: a complexificação das estruturas espaciais
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Data
2020-10-16
Autores
Sader, Ana Paula Cabral
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com a aceleração do processo de urbanização no país, vários centros urbanos passaram por transformações importantes, como o fortalecimento dos papeis desempenhados por eles nas redes urbanas e a intensificação das interações espaciais entre diferentes municípios. Os municípios de Araçatuba e Birigui, situados no noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, constituíram a base para observar e analisar tais mudanças na escala da rede urbana, as quais ocorrem de maneira articulada àquelas observadas na escala de cada espaço urbano. As transformações nas cidades de Araçatuba e de Birigui, decorrentes de novas práticas espaciais e de novas lógicas econômicas, foram estudadas tendo como referência o conjunto das duas cidades, por entender que esses núcleos urbanos e seus municípios apresentam relações importantes de complementaridade e hierarquia em suas relações. O problema de pesquisa assentou-se na verificação de um possível processo de fragmentação socioespacial em curso nessas cidades, o que ocorreu a partir da observação da complexificação de suas estruturas espaciais, notadamente da análise de seus centros e centralidades, dos aspectos relacionados às suas estruturas e articulações intra e interurbanas, bem como das dinâmicas relativas à continuidade espacial e da continuidade territorial em formação. Foi analisado o papel que desempenham os novos produtos imobiliários, sobretudo os espaços residenciais horizontais fechados, bem como as ações atinentes ao mercado imobiliário e terras urbanas, suas escolhas locacionais e de que modo isso vem impactando a produção do espaço urbano, apontando que o capital incorporador vem operando mudanças na estrutura urbana das cidades, intensificando processos de diferenciação e desigualdades socioespaciais. Conclui-se que está em curso a passagem da lógica socioespacial predominantemente centro-periférica para uma lógica socioespacial fragmentária, nas duas cidades, e que a dispersão do tecido urbano desses municípios apresenta-se como um processo associado à fragmentação socioespacial. Ao constatar tal quadro, entendeu-se ser fundamental pensar em alternativas para mitigar os efeitos futuros do aumento das desigualdades socioespaciais, como um projeto de “devir” das cidades, delineando princípios que tornariam cidades fortemente marcadas pelas desigualdades, menos desiguais e mais justas socioespacialmente.
As a consequence of the acceleration of the urbanization process in the country, several urban centers have undergone important transformations, such as the strengthening of the roles played by them in urban networks and the intensification of spatial interactions between different municipalities. The municipalities of Araçatuba and Birigui, which are located in the northwest of São Paulo state, have been the basis for observing and analyzing such changes in the scale of the urban network, which occur in an articulated way to those observed in the scale of each urban space. The transformations in the cities of Araçatuba and Birigui, which result from new spatial practices and new economic dynamics, have been studied by using the set of two cities as a reference, as it is understood that these urban centers and their municipalities have developed important relations of complementarity and hierarchy in their relations. The research problem has been based on the verification of a possible socio-spatial fragmentation process underway in these cities, which was a consequence of the observation of their spatial structures complexity, notably of the analysis of their centers and centralities, of the aspects related to their structures and intra and interurban articulations, as well as of the dynamics related to spatial continuity and developing territorial continuity. The role that new real estate products play, especially those closed horizontal residential spaces, was analyzed, as well as the actions related to the real estate market and urban lands, their locational choices and how this has been impacting the production of urban space, pointing out that developer capital has been changing the urban structure of cities, which intensifies differentiation processes and socio-spatial inequalities. It is concluded that a transition from the predominantly central-peripheral socio-spatial logic to a fragmentary socio-spatial logic is ongoing in both cities, and that the urban fabric dispersion of these municipalities seems to be a process associated with socio-spatial fragmentation. When this situation was recognized, it was understood that it is essential to think about alternatives that can mitigate the future effects of the increase in socio-spatial inequalities, as a project of “becoming” of cities, by defining principles that would make strongly unequal cities less unequal and more socio-spatially equitable.
As a consequence of the acceleration of the urbanization process in the country, several urban centers have undergone important transformations, such as the strengthening of the roles played by them in urban networks and the intensification of spatial interactions between different municipalities. The municipalities of Araçatuba and Birigui, which are located in the northwest of São Paulo state, have been the basis for observing and analyzing such changes in the scale of the urban network, which occur in an articulated way to those observed in the scale of each urban space. The transformations in the cities of Araçatuba and Birigui, which result from new spatial practices and new economic dynamics, have been studied by using the set of two cities as a reference, as it is understood that these urban centers and their municipalities have developed important relations of complementarity and hierarchy in their relations. The research problem has been based on the verification of a possible socio-spatial fragmentation process underway in these cities, which was a consequence of the observation of their spatial structures complexity, notably of the analysis of their centers and centralities, of the aspects related to their structures and intra and interurban articulations, as well as of the dynamics related to spatial continuity and developing territorial continuity. The role that new real estate products play, especially those closed horizontal residential spaces, was analyzed, as well as the actions related to the real estate market and urban lands, their locational choices and how this has been impacting the production of urban space, pointing out that developer capital has been changing the urban structure of cities, which intensifies differentiation processes and socio-spatial inequalities. It is concluded that a transition from the predominantly central-peripheral socio-spatial logic to a fragmentary socio-spatial logic is ongoing in both cities, and that the urban fabric dispersion of these municipalities seems to be a process associated with socio-spatial fragmentation. When this situation was recognized, it was understood that it is essential to think about alternatives that can mitigate the future effects of the increase in socio-spatial inequalities, as a project of “becoming” of cities, by defining principles that would make strongly unequal cities less unequal and more socio-spatially equitable.
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Palavras-chave
Fragmentação socioespacial, Complexificação das estruturas espaciais, Práticas espaciais, Complementaridade e hierarquia, Centro e centralidade, Continuidade espacial e continuidade territorial, Desigualdades socioespaciais, Justiça socioespacial, Araçatuba, Birigui, Socio-spatial fragmentation, Complexification of spatial structures, Spatial practices, Complementarity and hierarchy, Center and centrality, Spatial continuity and territorial continuity, Socio-spatial inequalities, Socio-spatial justice