Adaptações morfológicas da junção neuromuscular ao exercício físico
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Data
2022-01-24
Autores
Zanardo, Gabriel Ferreira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A junção neuromuscular (JNM) é uma complexa região, de união entre o sistema
nervoso periférico e as fibras musculares, onde ocorre a sinapse e permite a
contração muscular. Devido a sua alta plasticidade, a morfologia da JNM é
diferenciada de acordo com as espécies, estágio de desenvolvimento,
grupamento muscular, tipo de fibra muscular e estímulos como distintos tipos de
atividade física. Os exercícios físicos, sejam eles aeróbios ou resistidos,
proporcionam melhor qualidade de vida e manutenção da saúde. Sua prática
resulta em estímulos suficientes para promover mudanças a nível celular, como
adaptações nas JNMs, aumento de neurotransmissores, dos ramos terminais,
da área da placa motora e das estruturas na zona ativa. A prática de exercício
físico altera a morfologia da JNM essas adaptações se mantêm com a prática,
evitam a denervação de fibras musculares e assim atuam indiretamente na
longevidade do indivíduo, gerando uma melhor qualidade de vida. A prática de
modalidades desportivas geram adaptações em regiões específicas
dependendo das características da modalidade. Esta revisão bibliográfica tem
como objetivo abordar e discutir essas adaptações decorrentes do exercício
físico associada a diferentes modalidades. Como base para a revisão foram
utilizados artigos científicos e estudos em plataformas de base de dados como:
PubMed, Scopus e Scholar Google. Concluímos a partir desta revisão que a
JNM, devido a sua plasticidade, se adapta, tanto de maneira morfológica quanto
fisiológica, atendendo assim as necessidades da atividade que o indivíduo se
submete, sejam elas exercícios físicos resistidos ou aeróbicos
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a complex region of union between the peripheral nervous system and muscle fibers, where the synapse occurs and allows muscle contraction. Due to its high plasticity, the morphology of JNM is differentiated according to the species, stage of development, muscle group, type of muscle fiber and stimuli such as different types of physical activity. Physical exercises, whether aerobic or resistance, provide better quality of life and health maintenance. Its practice results in sufficient stimuli to promote changes at the cellular level, such as adaptations in JNMs, increase in neurotransmitters, terminal branches, the motor end plate area and structures in the active zone. The practice of physical exercise alters the morphology of the JNM, these adaptations are maintained with the practice, they avoid the denervation of muscle fibers and thus act indirectly on the longevity of the individual, generating a better quality of life. The practice of sports modalities generates adaptations in specific regions depending on the characteristics of the modality. This literature review aims to approach and discuss these adaptations resulting from physical exercise associated with different modalities. As a basis for the review, scientific articles and studies were used in database platforms such as PubMed, Scopus and Scholar Google. We conclude from this review that the JNM, due to its plasticity, adapts, both morphologically and physiologically, thus meeting the needs of the activity that the individual undergoes, whether they are resistance or aerobic physical exercises.
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a complex region of union between the peripheral nervous system and muscle fibers, where the synapse occurs and allows muscle contraction. Due to its high plasticity, the morphology of JNM is differentiated according to the species, stage of development, muscle group, type of muscle fiber and stimuli such as different types of physical activity. Physical exercises, whether aerobic or resistance, provide better quality of life and health maintenance. Its practice results in sufficient stimuli to promote changes at the cellular level, such as adaptations in JNMs, increase in neurotransmitters, terminal branches, the motor end plate area and structures in the active zone. The practice of physical exercise alters the morphology of the JNM, these adaptations are maintained with the practice, they avoid the denervation of muscle fibers and thus act indirectly on the longevity of the individual, generating a better quality of life. The practice of sports modalities generates adaptations in specific regions depending on the characteristics of the modality. This literature review aims to approach and discuss these adaptations resulting from physical exercise associated with different modalities. As a basis for the review, scientific articles and studies were used in database platforms such as PubMed, Scopus and Scholar Google. We conclude from this review that the JNM, due to its plasticity, adapts, both morphologically and physiologically, thus meeting the needs of the activity that the individual undergoes, whether they are resistance or aerobic physical exercises.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Junção neuromuscular, Exercícios físicos, Envelhecimento, Aging, Physical activity, Neuromuscular junction, Placa motora, Atividade física, Exercício aeróbio, Exercício resistido, Motor end plate, Aerobic exercise, Resistance exercise