Potencial do uso de Cnicus benedictus, Synedrella nodiflora e Sidastrum paniculatum como adubo verde em sistemas agroflorestais
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Data
2022-01-14
Autores
Vercese, Caio Mantovani
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A agricultura convencional, com o uso intensivo do solo, acaba ocasionando a degradação do meio ambiente. Faz-se então necessária a utilização de cultivos que têm potencial para a conservação do solo, restauração florestal e produção de alimentos, enquanto conserva e reabilita os ecossistemas, tais quais os sistemas agroflorestais. Para a recuperação de áreas degradadas, levando em consideração os princípios da agricultura sintrópica, objetiva-se avaliar se as espécies Cnicus benedictus (Cardo Santo), Synedrella nodiflora (Barbatana) e Sidastrum paniculatum (Malva Roxa), possuem potencial de uso como adubação verde, em comparação com Megathyrsus maximus (Capim-mombaça), que é usada convencionalmente na implantação ou renovação de sistemas agroflorestais. Foram levados em consideração os seguintes parâmetros: cobertura do solo, índice de rebrote, biomassa, teor de nutrientes nas plantas e no solo. Adicionalmente, foi avaliado o potencial alelopático do extrato foliar de todas as espécies na porcentagem, tempo médio e índice de velocidade de germinação de Zea mays (milho), Canavalia ensiformis (feijão-de-porco) e Leucaena leucocephala (leucena). Entre as espécies testadas, o capim-mombaça apresentou os melhores resultados de cobertura do solo, índice de rebrote, biomassa, teor de nutrientes nas plantas e no solo, além de não ter interferido negativamente na germinação das sementes de feijão-de-porco, leucena e milho. No entanto, entre as espécies propostas, a Barbatana foi a que teve resultados mais satisfatórios e tem potencial para ser usada como adubação verde.
Conventional agriculture, with the intensive use of the soil, ends up causing the degradation of the environment. It is therefore necessary to use crops that have the potential for soil conservation, forest restoration and food production, while conserving and rehabilitating ecosystems, such as agroforestry systems. For the recovery of degraded areas, taking into account the principles of syntropic agriculture, the objective is to evaluate whether the species Cnicus benedictus (Cardo Santo), Synedrella nodiflora (Barbatana) and Sidastrum paniculatum (Malva Roxa), have potential for use as green manure. , compared to Megathyrsus maximus (Mombaça grass), which is conventionally used in the implementation or renovation of agroforestry systems. The following parameters were taken into account: soil cover, regrowth rate, biomass, nutrient content in plants and soil. Additionally, the allelopathic potential of the leaf extract of all species was evaluated in terms of percentage, mean time and germination speed index of Zea mays (corn), Canavalia ensiformis (pig bean) and Leucaena leucocephala (leucena). Among the tested species, Mombasa grass presented the best results in soil cover, regrowth index, biomass, nutrient content in plants and soil, in addition to not having a negative effect on the germination of jack bean seeds, leucaena and corn. However, among the proposed species, the Fin was the one that had the most satisfactory results and has the potential to be used as a green manure.
Conventional agriculture, with the intensive use of the soil, ends up causing the degradation of the environment. It is therefore necessary to use crops that have the potential for soil conservation, forest restoration and food production, while conserving and rehabilitating ecosystems, such as agroforestry systems. For the recovery of degraded areas, taking into account the principles of syntropic agriculture, the objective is to evaluate whether the species Cnicus benedictus (Cardo Santo), Synedrella nodiflora (Barbatana) and Sidastrum paniculatum (Malva Roxa), have potential for use as green manure. , compared to Megathyrsus maximus (Mombaça grass), which is conventionally used in the implementation or renovation of agroforestry systems. The following parameters were taken into account: soil cover, regrowth rate, biomass, nutrient content in plants and soil. Additionally, the allelopathic potential of the leaf extract of all species was evaluated in terms of percentage, mean time and germination speed index of Zea mays (corn), Canavalia ensiformis (pig bean) and Leucaena leucocephala (leucena). Among the tested species, Mombasa grass presented the best results in soil cover, regrowth index, biomass, nutrient content in plants and soil, in addition to not having a negative effect on the germination of jack bean seeds, leucaena and corn. However, among the proposed species, the Fin was the one that had the most satisfactory results and has the potential to be used as a green manure.
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Sistemas agroflorestais, Agricultura sintrópica, Adubação verde, Capim mombaça, Aalelopatia, Germinação de sementes, Plantas espontâneas, Agroforestry systems, Syntropic agriculture, Green manure, Mombasa grass, Allelopathy, Seed germination, Spontaneous plants