Influência que a utilização de informações em situação de cobranças de pênaltis no futebol causa na tomada de decisão de goleiros
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Data
2021-01-10
Autores
Oliveira, Giovane Montebelo de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Atualmente, dentro do contexto do futebol existem muitos fatores que podem ser importantes para determinar o resultado de um jogo ou de uma competição. Um dos principais fatores que pode ser citado é o pênalti. O pênalti é uma situação em que o atleta pode ter uma das oportunidades mais claras para alcançar o gol. Porém, atualmente, existe um trabalho muito forte sendo realizado dentro dos clubes de futebol envolvendo uma interdisciplinaridade entre a comissão técnica e a equipe de análise de desempenho, que busca coletar informações a respeito de cobradores de pênaltis das equipes adversárias, visando uma possível vantagem dentro de uma situação de jogo. Assim, o estudo possui o objetivo de analisar se a utilização das informações trazidas para uma situação de disputa de pênaltis, interfere na maneira de agir dos goleiros, os quais recebem esse tipo de informação. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter documental audiovisual, a partir da utilização de vídeos disponíveis em mídias online e entrevistas realizadas com profissionais envolvidos com tais situações. Inicialmente, foram coletadas informações a partir da observação de 100 cobranças de pênaltis realizadas durante a Copa São Paulo, que compreende a participação de atletas com até 20 anos, complementado pela análise de goleiros, preparadores e treinadores de equipes profissionais, os quais estiveram em algum momento da carreira envolvidos com a presença de informações a serem aplicadas em um contexto de disputa de pênaltis. A partir dessa análise, foi possível obter algumas informações sobre a maneira como o atleta age durante uma situação de jogo, de acordo com as suas características. Posteriormente, foi realizado uma análise de situações reais de jogo em que os goleiros foram influenciados pela utilização de informações, captadas de análise dos oponentes, visando verificar o aproveitamento obtido por eles. Atletas destros tendem a optar por cobranças cruzadas rasteiras (lado direito do goleiro) como segurança. A partir da análise de atletas canhotos, também houve preferência por uma cobrança cruzada (lado esquerdo do goleiro), porém, houve maior precisão para cobranças altas, se comparado com atletas destros. Diante das situações analisadas, as quais foram evidenciadas o uso de informações coletadas a partir da análise de cobranças realizadas anteriormente pelos atletas, houve valor referente a 68% de acerto nas escolhas dos goleiros para qual canto saltar durante a cobrança, o que sugere veracidade diante das informações obtidas.
Currently, within the football context there are many factors that can be important in determining the outcome of a game or competition. One of the main factors that can be mentioned is the penalty. The penalty is a situation where the athlete can have one of the clearest opportunities to reach the goal. However, currently there is a very strong work being carried out within football clubs, involving an interdisciplinarity between the technical committee and the performance analysis team, which seeks to collect information about the opposing teams' penalty takers, aiming at a possible advantage within a game situation. Thus, the study aims to analyze whether the use of information brought to a penalty shootout situation interferes in the way the goalkeepers act, who receive this type of information. For this, an audiovisual documentary research was carried out, based on the use of videos available in online media and interviews with professionals involved in such situations. Initially, information was collected from the observation of 100 penalty kicks taken during the São Paulo Cup, which includes the participation of athletes aged up to 20 years, complemented by the analysis of goalkeepers, preparers and coaches of professional teams, who were in some career moment involved with the presence of information to be applied in a penalty shootout context. From this analysis, it was possible to obtain some information about the way the athlete acts during a game situation, according to their characteristics. Subsequently, an analysis of real game situations was carried out in which goalkeepers were influenced by the use of information, captured from the opponents' analysis, in order to verify the achievement obtained by them. Right-handed athletes tend to opt for low cross charges (right side of goalkeeper) as safety. From the analysis of left- handed athletes, there was also a preference for a cross charge (left side of the goalkeeper), however, there was greater accuracy for high charges, when compared to right-handed athletes. In view of the situations analyzed, which evidenced the use of information collected from the analysis of charges previously performed by the athletes, there was a value of 68% correctness in the choices of goalkeepers for which corner to jump during the charge, which suggests veracity before information obtained.
Currently, within the football context there are many factors that can be important in determining the outcome of a game or competition. One of the main factors that can be mentioned is the penalty. The penalty is a situation where the athlete can have one of the clearest opportunities to reach the goal. However, currently there is a very strong work being carried out within football clubs, involving an interdisciplinarity between the technical committee and the performance analysis team, which seeks to collect information about the opposing teams' penalty takers, aiming at a possible advantage within a game situation. Thus, the study aims to analyze whether the use of information brought to a penalty shootout situation interferes in the way the goalkeepers act, who receive this type of information. For this, an audiovisual documentary research was carried out, based on the use of videos available in online media and interviews with professionals involved in such situations. Initially, information was collected from the observation of 100 penalty kicks taken during the São Paulo Cup, which includes the participation of athletes aged up to 20 years, complemented by the analysis of goalkeepers, preparers and coaches of professional teams, who were in some career moment involved with the presence of information to be applied in a penalty shootout context. From this analysis, it was possible to obtain some information about the way the athlete acts during a game situation, according to their characteristics. Subsequently, an analysis of real game situations was carried out in which goalkeepers were influenced by the use of information, captured from the opponents' analysis, in order to verify the achievement obtained by them. Right-handed athletes tend to opt for low cross charges (right side of goalkeeper) as safety. From the analysis of left- handed athletes, there was also a preference for a cross charge (left side of the goalkeeper), however, there was greater accuracy for high charges, when compared to right-handed athletes. In view of the situations analyzed, which evidenced the use of information collected from the analysis of charges previously performed by the athletes, there was a value of 68% correctness in the choices of goalkeepers for which corner to jump during the charge, which suggests veracity before information obtained.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Futebol, Pênalti, Análise, Goleiro, Soccer, Penalty, Review, Goalkeeper