Fragmentação e dinâmica de uso e cobertura do solo na zona de amortecimento do parque estadual da Serra do Mar
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Data
2022-01-19
Autores
Souza, Juliana Carmo de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As zonas de amortecimento visam diminuir os impactos negativos no entorno das áreas protegidas. Não são comuns estudos comparando regulamentos de planos de manejo e restrições de uso e cobertura do solo e configuração da paisagem em zonas de amortecimento de áreas protegidas. Assim, objetivamos avaliar a fragmentação florestal desde 1995 na zona de amortecimento do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (PESM), Sudeste do Brasil, e comparar o uso e cobertura do solo na zona de amortecimento do PESM com as restrições impostas pelo Plano de Manejo. Nossa hipótese é que, apesar das restrições deste plano, o PESM está tendo mudanças negativas no uso e cobertura do solo em seus arredores mais próximos, no que diz respeito ao desmatamento, expansão urbana e descontinuidade florestal, o que pode resultar ainda mais na ameaça aos valores de conservação do PESM. A área de estudo compreende a zona de amortecimento do PESM, localizada em um raio de 10 km do parque e 35 municípios. Para avaliar o uso e cobertura do solo na zona de amortecimento do PESM, foram utilizadas imagens de transição de 1995-2000, 2000-2005, 2005-2010, 20102015 e 2015-2020, disponíveis no Projeto MapBiomas. A avaliação da fragmentação florestal desde 1995 na zona de amortecimento do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, na Mata Atlântica do Sudeste brasileiro, e a comparação do uso e cobertura do solo com as restrições impostas pelo plano de manejo do parque, mostraram: (i) aumento da cobertura florestal (embora em pequena proporção) nas reservas legais dentro de terras rurais privadas, (ii) expansão urbana na zona de amortecimento do PESM, mas em grau mais baixo do que em 1995 e (iii) perda de conectividade da vegetação entre a zona de amortecimento e PESM em si, que deve ser analisada em conjunto com outras métricas da paisagem. Assim, o plano de manejo do PESM e as restrições, juntamente com outras políticas ambientais, podem estar trabalhando para manter os valores de conservação do PESM.
Buffer Zones aim to decrease negative impacts of the surrounding on protected areas. Studies comparing management plan regulations and land use restrictions to in fact land use and land cover in buffer zones of protected areas are not common. Thus, we aimed to assess forest fragmentation since 1995 in the buffer zone of Serra do Mar State Park (PESM), Southeast Brazil, and to compare land use and land cover in the PESM buffer zone with restrictions imposed by the Management Plan. We hypothesized that, despite restrictions of this plan, PESM is having negative land use and land cover changes in their nearest surroundings, with regards to deforestation, urban expansion and forest discontinuity, which may further result in threatening conservation values of PESM. The study area comprises PESM buffer zone, located in a 10 km buffer of park and 35 municipalities. To evaluate land use and land cover dynamics in PESM buffer zone, transition images, from 1995-2000, 2000-2005, 2005-2010, 2010-2015 and 2015-2020, available at MapBiomas Project were used. Assessing forest fragmentation since 1995 in the buffer zone of Serra do Mar State Park in the Brazilian Southeast Atlantic Forest and comparing land use and land cover with restrictions imposed by the park management plan, showed: (i) forest cover increase (despite in small proportion) in legal reserves inside private rural land, (ii) urban expansion on the PESM buffer zone, but in lower degree than in 1995 and (iii) vegetation connectivity loss between buffer zone and PESM itself, which shall be analysed together with other landscape metrics. Thus, PESM Management plan and restrictions, together with other environmental policies, might be working to maintain conservation values of PESM.
Buffer Zones aim to decrease negative impacts of the surrounding on protected areas. Studies comparing management plan regulations and land use restrictions to in fact land use and land cover in buffer zones of protected areas are not common. Thus, we aimed to assess forest fragmentation since 1995 in the buffer zone of Serra do Mar State Park (PESM), Southeast Brazil, and to compare land use and land cover in the PESM buffer zone with restrictions imposed by the Management Plan. We hypothesized that, despite restrictions of this plan, PESM is having negative land use and land cover changes in their nearest surroundings, with regards to deforestation, urban expansion and forest discontinuity, which may further result in threatening conservation values of PESM. The study area comprises PESM buffer zone, located in a 10 km buffer of park and 35 municipalities. To evaluate land use and land cover dynamics in PESM buffer zone, transition images, from 1995-2000, 2000-2005, 2005-2010, 2010-2015 and 2015-2020, available at MapBiomas Project were used. Assessing forest fragmentation since 1995 in the buffer zone of Serra do Mar State Park in the Brazilian Southeast Atlantic Forest and comparing land use and land cover with restrictions imposed by the park management plan, showed: (i) forest cover increase (despite in small proportion) in legal reserves inside private rural land, (ii) urban expansion on the PESM buffer zone, but in lower degree than in 1995 and (iii) vegetation connectivity loss between buffer zone and PESM itself, which shall be analysed together with other landscape metrics. Thus, PESM Management plan and restrictions, together with other environmental policies, might be working to maintain conservation values of PESM.
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Palavras-chave
Área protegida, Cobertura florestal, Conservação, Expansão urbana, Isolamento, Mata Atlântica, Atlantic forest, Conservation, Forest cover, Isolation, Protected area, Urban expansion