Acompanhamento ultrassonográfico pré-natal em cadelas da raça spitz alemão anão
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Data
2021-09-29
Autores
Santos, Mariana de Melo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na Medicina Veterinária a ultrassonografia (US) pré-natal é um exame consolidado para o diagnóstico e acompanhamento gestacional nos animais de companhia. A técnica da ultrassonografia foi introduzida para o diagnóstico e acompanhamento da gestação na década de 70, e desde então, evoluiu continuamente por ser uma avaliação segura, não invasiva e capaz de detectar a gestação precocemente. A biometria fetal e extra fetal, a evolução cronológica das estruturas fetais e a análise das variações da frequência cardíaca associada as medidas do índice de resistividade do cordão umbilical do feto no final da gestação se constituem em métodos seguros para avaliação da fase gestacional e da predição do dia do parto pela ultrassonografia nas cadelas. O comprimento da gestação nas cadelas é muito variável quando estimada a partir do dia das coberturas (58 a 71 dias), por isso a determinação exata da idade gestacional é um dado importante na obstetrícia veterinária, principalmente para as cadelas que apresentam dificuldade no momento do parto e eventual planejamento da cesariana. O exame ultrassonográfico a despeito de ser uma avaliação segura e não invasiva pode estimar erroneamente o momento do parto se não forem levados em conta o tamanho e/ou a raça da fêmea gestante. Em vista do exposto o objetivo desta revisão de literatura é discutir e descrever o acompanhamento gestacional de cadelas da raça spitz alemão anão, por meio de exames ultrassonográficos seriados.
In Veterinary Medicine the pre-natal ultrasound (US) is an important technique for diagnosis and examination of ongoing pregnancies in small animals. First introduced in the 70s, the ultrasound brought great efficiency for pregnancy diagnosis as well as allowed the performance of careful evaluation of the pregnancy throughout its course. Since its introduction, the technique developed continuously due to the advantages of being safe, non-invasive and capable of performing early-pregnancy diagnosis. In addition, the performance of fetal biometrics, chronological evolution of fetal structures and the analyses of the variation in heart rate in association with the resistivity index of the umbilical cord in the last portion of the pregnancy, are considered safe and sound examples of US utilization in bitches and can assist in the identification of the stage of the pregnancy as well as predict the birth date. Importantly, the pregnancy length is quite variable when estimated only based on the mating (58-71 d), therefore, a more exact birth date is of fundamental importance in veterinary obstetrics, even more for females with previous history of problematic labors and eventually may need a c-section intervention. Lastly, despite being a safe and non-invasive technique, if the size and breed of the female are not considered at the moment of examination it’s likely that a bias will be introduced when indicating an estimate date for the birth. Therefore, based on the above indicated, the objective of this literature review is to discuss and describe the pregnancy continuous evaluation in Pomeranian bitches through the utilization of seriate US examinations.
In Veterinary Medicine the pre-natal ultrasound (US) is an important technique for diagnosis and examination of ongoing pregnancies in small animals. First introduced in the 70s, the ultrasound brought great efficiency for pregnancy diagnosis as well as allowed the performance of careful evaluation of the pregnancy throughout its course. Since its introduction, the technique developed continuously due to the advantages of being safe, non-invasive and capable of performing early-pregnancy diagnosis. In addition, the performance of fetal biometrics, chronological evolution of fetal structures and the analyses of the variation in heart rate in association with the resistivity index of the umbilical cord in the last portion of the pregnancy, are considered safe and sound examples of US utilization in bitches and can assist in the identification of the stage of the pregnancy as well as predict the birth date. Importantly, the pregnancy length is quite variable when estimated only based on the mating (58-71 d), therefore, a more exact birth date is of fundamental importance in veterinary obstetrics, even more for females with previous history of problematic labors and eventually may need a c-section intervention. Lastly, despite being a safe and non-invasive technique, if the size and breed of the female are not considered at the moment of examination it’s likely that a bias will be introduced when indicating an estimate date for the birth. Therefore, based on the above indicated, the objective of this literature review is to discuss and describe the pregnancy continuous evaluation in Pomeranian bitches through the utilization of seriate US examinations.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gestação, Previsão do parto, Ultrassonografia, Cadelas, Pregnancy, Birth date, Ultrasonography