Gestão pública de resíduos sólidos e a Economia Circular – uma análise comparativa a partir de instrumentos administrativos e da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS)
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Data
2022-02-22
Autores
Lui, Gabriel
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O desenvolvimento econômico desenfreado, proporcionado pela economia linear, impacta o meio ambiente de forma agressiva, demonstrando um sistema obsoleto e insustentável para a sociedade e meio ambiente. Definido por três processos, sendo esses: extrair, consumir e descartar, esse modelo de produção é responsável pela extração contínua de recursos naturais, e geração exorbitante de resíduos sólidos, os quais, em sua maioria, não são destinados da maneira correta. Como alternativa a economia linear e seus impactos ambientais, surge em meados da década de 70 a Economia Circular (EC), conhecida por seu sistema regenerativo, o qual objetiva o aproveitamento máximo dos recursos naturais, e o reaproveitamento dos resíduos sólidos gerados no sistema produtivo. No Brasil, o modelo circular ainda não foi implementado de forma consistente, quando comparado a países desenvolvidos, entretanto a partir de 2010 com a instituição da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), o país conquista um aparato legal, que norteia os estados e municípios a gerirem seus resíduos de maneira eficiente rumo a Economia Circular. Compreendendo a problemática da economia linear e a potencialidade da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos em incentivar a implementação da chamada economia restaurativa, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar a compatibilidade do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos, realizada por alguns municípios paulistas, com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos; e verificar a influência dos instrumentos administrativos e da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos na aplicabilidade da Economia Circular, através da elaboração de uma matriz comparativa. Assim, foi perceptível que os municípios precisam aprimorar, consideravelmente, o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos, através de ações como: destinação ambientalmente adequada para os mesmos; aplicação dos Planos de Gestão Integrada de resíduos; estímulo às ações de Educação Ambiental (EA); e utilização de instrumentos administrativos, que possibilitem o cumprimento, efetivo, da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, para posteriormente verificar a aplicabilidade da Economia Circular em seus respectivos territórios.
The unbridled economic development, provided by the linear economy, aggressively impacts the environment, demonstrating an obsolete and unsustainable system for society and the environment. Defined by three processes, namely: extract, consume and discard, this production model is responsible for the continuous extraction of natural resources, and exorbitant generation of solid waste, which, for the most part, are not intended correctly. As an alternative to the linear economy and its environmental impacts, the Circular Economy appears in the mid 70s, known for its regenerative system, which aims to maximize the use of natural resources, and the reuse of solid waste generated in the production system. In Brazil, the circular model has not yet been implemented consistently, when compared to developed countries, however from 2010 with the institution of the National Solid Waste Policy, the country conquers a legal apparatus, which guides the states and municipalities to manage their waste efficiently towards the Circular Economy. Understanding the problem of linear economy and the potential of the National Solid Waste Policy to encourage the implementation of the called restorative economy, the present work has as main objective to analyze the compatibility of solid waste management, carried out by some municipalities in São Paulo, with the National Policy Solid Waste, through the analysis of the results from the research “Research - Solid Waste Management”; and verify the influence of administrative instruments and the National Solid Waste Policy on the applicability of the Circular Economy, through the analysis of a comparative matrix. Thus, it was noticeable that municipalities need to improve, considerably, the management of solid waste, through actions such as: environmentally adequate destination for them; application of Integrated Waste Management Plans; encourage Environmental Education actions; and use of administrative instruments that make it possible to effectively comply with the National Solid Waste Policy, in order to subsequently verify the applicability of the Circular Economy in their respective territories.
The unbridled economic development, provided by the linear economy, aggressively impacts the environment, demonstrating an obsolete and unsustainable system for society and the environment. Defined by three processes, namely: extract, consume and discard, this production model is responsible for the continuous extraction of natural resources, and exorbitant generation of solid waste, which, for the most part, are not intended correctly. As an alternative to the linear economy and its environmental impacts, the Circular Economy appears in the mid 70s, known for its regenerative system, which aims to maximize the use of natural resources, and the reuse of solid waste generated in the production system. In Brazil, the circular model has not yet been implemented consistently, when compared to developed countries, however from 2010 with the institution of the National Solid Waste Policy, the country conquers a legal apparatus, which guides the states and municipalities to manage their waste efficiently towards the Circular Economy. Understanding the problem of linear economy and the potential of the National Solid Waste Policy to encourage the implementation of the called restorative economy, the present work has as main objective to analyze the compatibility of solid waste management, carried out by some municipalities in São Paulo, with the National Policy Solid Waste, through the analysis of the results from the research “Research - Solid Waste Management”; and verify the influence of administrative instruments and the National Solid Waste Policy on the applicability of the Circular Economy, through the analysis of a comparative matrix. Thus, it was noticeable that municipalities need to improve, considerably, the management of solid waste, through actions such as: environmentally adequate destination for them; application of Integrated Waste Management Plans; encourage Environmental Education actions; and use of administrative instruments that make it possible to effectively comply with the National Solid Waste Policy, in order to subsequently verify the applicability of the Circular Economy in their respective territories.
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Palavras-chave
Gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos, Resíduos sólidos, Educação ambiental, Administração, Logística reversa, Solid waste, Solid waste management, Environmental education, Reverse logistic, Management