Efeito terapêutico do extrato da folha de Bergamota (Citrus bergamia) sobre a resistência à leptina em modelo experimental de obesidade induzida por dieta rica em açúcar e gordura
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Data
2022-02-25
Autores
Nakandakare-Maia, Erika Tiemi
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A obesidade, decorrente do consumo de dietas ricas em açúcar e gordura, induz à inflamação e estresse oxidativo que, ao atingirem o hipotálamo, alteram a sinalização da leptina. A bergamota (Citrus bergamia), apresenta ação antioxidante e anti-inflamatória com benefícios comprovados em algumas doenças metabólicas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito terapêutico do extrato de folhas de bergamota sobre a resistência à leptina em modelo experimental de obesidade induzida por dieta rica em açúcar e gordura. Ratos Wistar machos (n=28) foram distribuídos em 2 grupos para receberem dieta controle (C, n=14 animais) e dieta rica em açúcar e gordura (HSF, n=14 animais) por 20 semanas. No fim desse período, foi detectada diferença estatística nos níveis plasmáticos de leptina entre os grupos; assim, os animais foram subdivididos em 4 grupos; no grupo controle, 7 animais receberam a dieta controle com tratamento placebo (C, n=7) e outros 7 animais receberam a dieta controle com extrato das folhas de bergamota (C+B, n=7). A mesma distribuição ocorreu no grupo HSF, mantendo a dieta rica em açúcar e gordura e água com sacarose, 7 animais receberam tratamento placebo (HSF, n=7) e outros 7 animais receberam o extrato de folhas de bergamota (HSF+B, n=7). Esse procedimento foi realizado por 10 semanas. A administração desse extrato, diluído em água potável, foi realizada diariamente por gavagem, na concentração de 50 mg/Kg de peso, o placebo foi composto apenas com água potável e administrado da mesma forma. Foram avaliados parâmetros nutricionais (peso, ingestão de ração e água e calorias ingeridas), índice de adiposidade, concentração de adipocitocinas pró-inflamatórias, indicadores do estresse oxidativo no tecido adiposo e hipotálamo e comorbidades como glicemia, triglicérides, insulina, leptina e resistência insulínica pelo cálculo do HOMA-IR. Foi realizada a análise de variância (ANOVA) de duas vias, considerando valor de p < 0,05. Para comparação entre todos os grupos, as variáveis estatisticamente significativas foram submetidas ao teste posthoc de Tukey. Ao término do experimento, os animais do grupo HSF + B, apresentaram melhora da inflamação e do estresse oxidativo no hipotálamo e no tecido adiposo, diminuição da glicemia, triglicérides e HOMA-IR. Os níveis de leptina plasmáticos também reduziram com o tratamento do extrato. Sendo assim, diante desses resultados, podemos concluir que o extrato das folhas de bergamota se apresenta efetivo sobre a resistência à leptina associada à obesidade.
Obesity, resulting from the consumption of diets rich in sugar and fat, induces inflammation and oxidative stress that, upon reaching the hypothalamus, alter the functions of leptin. The suggested mechanism is the failure in the phosphorylation of this hormone, caused by the excessive production of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines, a characteristic feature of excess fat mass. Bergamot (Citrus bergamia), has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action with providing benefits in some metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of bergamot leaf extract on leptin resistance in an experimental model of obesity induced by a diet high in sugar and fat. Male Wistar rats (n=28) were divided into 2 groups to receive a control diet (C, n=14 animals) and a high sugar and fat diet (HSF, n=14 animals) for 20 weeks. At the end of this period, a statistical difference was detected in plasma leptin levels between the groups; thus, the animals were subdivided again into 4 groups; in the control group, 7 animals received the control diet with placebo treatment (C, n=7) and another 7 animals received the control diet with bergamot leaf extract (C+B, n=7). The same distribution occurred in the HSF group, maintaining a diet rich in sugar and water with sucrose, 7 animals received placebo treatment (HSF, n=7) and another 7 animals received bergamot leaf extract (HSF+B, n=7). This procedure was performed for 10 weeks. The administration of this extract, diluted in drinking water, was performed daily by gavage at a concentration of 50 mg/Kg of weight. The placebo was composed only with drinking water and administered in the same way. Nutritional parameters (weight, feed and water intake and calories ingested), adiposity index and concentration of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines and indicators of oxidative stress in adipose tissue and hypothalamus and comorbidities such as blood glucose, triglycerides, insulin, leptin and insulin resistance were evaluated by calculating the HOMA-IR. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, considering a p-value < 0.05. For comparison between all groups, the statistically significant variables were submitted to Tukey's post-hoc test. At the end of the experiment, the animals that received the treatment with bergamot leaf extract, showed improvement in inflammation and oxidative stress in the hypothalamus and adipose tissue. In the metabolic and nutritional parameters, a decrease in blood glucose, triglycerides and HOMA-IR can also be observed. Plasma leptin levels also reduced with extract treatment. Thus, given these results, we can conclude that the extract of bergamot leaves is effective on leptin resistance associated with obesity.
Obesity, resulting from the consumption of diets rich in sugar and fat, induces inflammation and oxidative stress that, upon reaching the hypothalamus, alter the functions of leptin. The suggested mechanism is the failure in the phosphorylation of this hormone, caused by the excessive production of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines, a characteristic feature of excess fat mass. Bergamot (Citrus bergamia), has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action with providing benefits in some metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of bergamot leaf extract on leptin resistance in an experimental model of obesity induced by a diet high in sugar and fat. Male Wistar rats (n=28) were divided into 2 groups to receive a control diet (C, n=14 animals) and a high sugar and fat diet (HSF, n=14 animals) for 20 weeks. At the end of this period, a statistical difference was detected in plasma leptin levels between the groups; thus, the animals were subdivided again into 4 groups; in the control group, 7 animals received the control diet with placebo treatment (C, n=7) and another 7 animals received the control diet with bergamot leaf extract (C+B, n=7). The same distribution occurred in the HSF group, maintaining a diet rich in sugar and water with sucrose, 7 animals received placebo treatment (HSF, n=7) and another 7 animals received bergamot leaf extract (HSF+B, n=7). This procedure was performed for 10 weeks. The administration of this extract, diluted in drinking water, was performed daily by gavage at a concentration of 50 mg/Kg of weight. The placebo was composed only with drinking water and administered in the same way. Nutritional parameters (weight, feed and water intake and calories ingested), adiposity index and concentration of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines and indicators of oxidative stress in adipose tissue and hypothalamus and comorbidities such as blood glucose, triglycerides, insulin, leptin and insulin resistance were evaluated by calculating the HOMA-IR. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, considering a p-value < 0.05. For comparison between all groups, the statistically significant variables were submitted to Tukey's post-hoc test. At the end of the experiment, the animals that received the treatment with bergamot leaf extract, showed improvement in inflammation and oxidative stress in the hypothalamus and adipose tissue. In the metabolic and nutritional parameters, a decrease in blood glucose, triglycerides and HOMA-IR can also be observed. Plasma leptin levels also reduced with extract treatment. Thus, given these results, we can conclude that the extract of bergamot leaves is effective on leptin resistance associated with obesity.
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Palavras-chave
Obesidade, Resistência leptina, Bergamota, Obesity, Leptin resistance, Bergamot