Influência da inalação do concentrado de partículas ambientais no processo inflamatório crônico periodontal em camundongos
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Data
2022-03-23
Autores
Pelegrin, Álvaro Formoso
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Emissões veiculares e industriais destacam-se entre as principais responsáveis pelas altas concentrações de poluentes do ar nos grandes centros urbanos. A exaustão de gases provenientes motores a combustão, por exemplo, é constituída por uma mistura de compostos gasosos e material particulado (MP), que, ao serem inalados, podem levar a diversos impactos na saúde humana. O processo de combustão, gerado naturalmente ou por ação humana, acarreta na liberação de altas quantidades de material particulado, que se acumula na atmosfera. Dentre os tipos de material particulado presentes no ar, a maior preocupação dos pesquisadores é o fino (MP2,5), cujo diâmetro é inferior a 2,5 µm e acarreta em respostas locais e sistêmicas em indivíduos expostos a esta categoria de partícula, seja de forma aguda ou, principalmente, crônica. Os níveis ambientais de MP têm sido associados a um aumento da morbidade, hospitalização e mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares e doenças respiratórias, assim como com câncer e cognição prejudicada. O MP associado à exaustão e combustão, especialmente por ações antrópicas, causa danos oxidativos ao DNA e lipídios, disfunção do processo imunoinflamatório, aceleração de doenças crônicas relacionadas a idade, reabsorção óssea e genotoxidade. A proposta geral do trabalho foi avaliar o impacto do concentrado de partículas atmosféricas sobre a resposta imunoinflamatória e na perda óssea alveolar, em modelo de periodontite induzida por LPS de Escherichia coli. Para este fim, propusemos os seguintes objetivos específicos: avaliar o impacto da inalação dos gases e material particulado sobre os tecidos periodontais normais e submetidos à doença periodontal. A abordagem experimental envolveu grupos de camundongos que foram expostos ao ar poluído ou expostos ao ar filtrado. A partir do início das exposições, os animais foram submetidos à periodontite induzida pela injeção bilateral de Escherichia coli 3x/semana por 4 semanas. Após a eutanásia, foram coletadas amostras de pulmão e maxila. A análise histológica descritiva destes tecidos demonstrou a ocorrência de processo inflamatório crônico nos pulmões de camundongos que foram expostos aos poluentes atmosféricos, além de alterações na microestrutura pulmonar, afetando bronquíolos e alvéolos pulmonares. Os resultados obtidos também demonstraram influência da inalação de material particulado no processo inflamatório periodontal e perda óssea alveolar. Através da investigação proposta pelo presente estudo, conclui-se que a respiração crônica de material particulado fino influencia na ocorrência de periodontite experimental, potencializando os efeitos inflamatórios no periodonto.
Vehicle and industrial emissions are the main responsible for the high pollutants concentration in urban centers. The gas exhaustion from internal combustion engines, for example, is composed by a mixture of gaseous compounds and particulate matter (PM), and, when inhaled, leads to several impacts on human health. The combustion process, naturally or by human action generated, provokes the release of high amounts of particulate matter, which accumulates in the atmosphere. Among the different types of particulate matter present in the air, the greatest concern of investigators are the fine particles (PM2.5), whose diameter is less than 2.5 µm and leads to local and systemic responses in those exposed to this category of particle, either in short-term or long-term exposures. Environmental levels of PM have been associated with increased morbidity, hospitalization and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as cancer and impaired cognition. PM associated with exhaustion and combustion, especially by anthropic actions, causes oxidative damage to DNA and lipids, immunoinflammatory process dysfunction, age-related chronic diseases acceleration, bone resorption and genotoxicity. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the atmospheric particles concentration impact on the immunoinflammatory response and on alveolar bone loss, using a model of Escherichia coli LPS-induced periodontitis. For this purpose, we proposed the following specific objectives: to evaluate the impact of inhaling gases and particulate matter on healthy periodontal tissues and those submitted to periodontal disease. The experimental approach involved groups of mice exposed to polluted air or exposed to filtered air. From the beginning of the investigations, the animals were discovered to have periodontitis induced by bilateral injection of Escherichia coli 3 times per week, for 4 weeks. After euthanasia, lung and maxilla samples were collected. Descriptive histological analysis of these tissues demonstrated the occurrence of a chronic inflammatory process in the lungs of mice that were exposed to atmospheric pollutants, in addition to alterations in the pulmonary microstructure, affecting bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli. The results obtained also demonstrated the influence of the inhalation of particulate material on the periodontal inflammatory process and alveolar bone loss. Through the investigation proposed by the present study, it is concluded that the chronic breathing of fine particulate matter influences the occurrence of experimental periodontitis, enhancing the inflammatory effects in the periodontium.
Vehicle and industrial emissions are the main responsible for the high pollutants concentration in urban centers. The gas exhaustion from internal combustion engines, for example, is composed by a mixture of gaseous compounds and particulate matter (PM), and, when inhaled, leads to several impacts on human health. The combustion process, naturally or by human action generated, provokes the release of high amounts of particulate matter, which accumulates in the atmosphere. Among the different types of particulate matter present in the air, the greatest concern of investigators are the fine particles (PM2.5), whose diameter is less than 2.5 µm and leads to local and systemic responses in those exposed to this category of particle, either in short-term or long-term exposures. Environmental levels of PM have been associated with increased morbidity, hospitalization and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as cancer and impaired cognition. PM associated with exhaustion and combustion, especially by anthropic actions, causes oxidative damage to DNA and lipids, immunoinflammatory process dysfunction, age-related chronic diseases acceleration, bone resorption and genotoxicity. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the atmospheric particles concentration impact on the immunoinflammatory response and on alveolar bone loss, using a model of Escherichia coli LPS-induced periodontitis. For this purpose, we proposed the following specific objectives: to evaluate the impact of inhaling gases and particulate matter on healthy periodontal tissues and those submitted to periodontal disease. The experimental approach involved groups of mice exposed to polluted air or exposed to filtered air. From the beginning of the investigations, the animals were discovered to have periodontitis induced by bilateral injection of Escherichia coli 3 times per week, for 4 weeks. After euthanasia, lung and maxilla samples were collected. Descriptive histological analysis of these tissues demonstrated the occurrence of a chronic inflammatory process in the lungs of mice that were exposed to atmospheric pollutants, in addition to alterations in the pulmonary microstructure, affecting bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli. The results obtained also demonstrated the influence of the inhalation of particulate material on the periodontal inflammatory process and alveolar bone loss. Through the investigation proposed by the present study, it is concluded that the chronic breathing of fine particulate matter influences the occurrence of experimental periodontitis, enhancing the inflammatory effects in the periodontium.
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Palavras-chave
Doenças periodontais, Inflamação, Material particulado, Poluentes atmosféricos, Periodontal diseases, Inflammation, Particulate matter, Air pollutants