Correlação linear entre parâmetros de qualidade das águas em diferentes aquíferos no estado de São Paulo, Brasil
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Data
2022-02-25
Autores
Voltera, Pedro Henrique
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O monitoramento dos recursos hídricos subterrâneas é um elemento fundamental para tomadas de decisões e gestão da água, uma vez que fornece dados de muita relevância. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as correlações lineares entre alguns parâmetros de qualidade das águas nos seguintes aquíferos do estado de São Paulo: o aquífero Bauru, o aquífero Pré-Cambriano, o aquífero Serra Geral e o aquífero Guarani. Foram utilizados dados das coletas de poços da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo – CETESB. Foram retiradas informações sobre os parâmetros da qualidade da água dos respectivos aquíferos no período de 2013 a 2015. Dessa forma, realizou-se a análise estatística descritiva dos dados e posteriormente foram elaboradas as matrizes da correlação de Pearson. As melhores correlações indicam equações eficientes que permitem estimar uma variável que exija um custo maior ou que possua uma dificuldade laboratorial para ser obtida. O presente trabalho traz não somente benefícios científicos, mas também econômicos e sustentáveis, afinal auxiliará na gestão e regulação dos recursos hídricos. O aquífero Bauru apresentou um número considerável de poços (15 amostras) onde as concentrações do Nitrato estavam em níveis acima do máximo permitido para a potabilidade humana, que consiste em 10 mg/L. Ao longo dos três anos, o aquífero Pré-Cambriano possui grandes concentrações de Ferro (91 amostras) sendo que o limite máximo permitido é 0,3 mg/L. Por fim, o aquífero Guarani sofre com o Bário acima do máximo permitido (1mg/L), contendo 190 amostras nos 3 anos. Este metal encaminha para águas subterrâneas através da lixiviação, sendo assim sua contaminação pelo solo se dá através do manuseio de produtos, decomposição inapropriada de resíduos ou por atividades agropecuárias indevidas. A estatística descritiva indicou que os aquíferos Bauru, Pré-Cambriano, Serra Geral e Guarani apresentaram coeficientes de variação de variação considerados baixos (inferior a 10%), médios (entre 10% e 20%) e muito altos (superior à 30%), sendo que nenhum aquífero apresentou coeficiente de variação alto.
Monitoring groundwater resources is a fundamental element for decision-making and water management, as it provides highly relevant data. The present work aims to analyze the linear correlations between some water quality parameters in the following aquifers in the state of São Paulo: the Bauru aquifer, the Pré-Cambriano aquifer, the Serra Geral aquifer and the Guarani aquifer. Data from wells collected by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo – CETESB were used. Information on the water quality parameters of the respective aquifers was collected from 2013 to 2015. In this way, descriptive statistical analysis of the data was carried out and Pearson's correlation matrices were later prepared. The best correlations indicate efficient equations that allow estimating a variable that requires a higher cost or that has a laboratory difficulty to obtain. The present work brings not only scientific benefits, but also economic and sustainable ones, after all it will help in the management and regulation of water resources. The Bauru aquifer had a considerable number of wells (15 samples) where nitrate concentrations were at levels above the maximum allowed for human potability, which consists of 10 mg/L. Over the three years, the Precambrian aquifer has high concentrations of iron (91 samples over the 3 years) and the maximum allowed limit is 0.3 mg/L. Finally, the Guarani aquifer suffers from Barium above the maximum allowed (1mg/L), containing 190 samples in 3 years. This metal leads to groundwater through leaching, so its contamination by the soil occurs through the handling of products, inappropriate decomposition of waste or undue agricultural activities. Descriptive statistics indicated that the Bauru, Pre-Cambrian, Serra Geral and Guarani aquifers presented coefficients of variation that were considered low (less than 10%), medium (between 10% and 20%) and very high (above 30%). , and no aquifer showed a high coefficient of variation.
Monitoring groundwater resources is a fundamental element for decision-making and water management, as it provides highly relevant data. The present work aims to analyze the linear correlations between some water quality parameters in the following aquifers in the state of São Paulo: the Bauru aquifer, the Pré-Cambriano aquifer, the Serra Geral aquifer and the Guarani aquifer. Data from wells collected by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo – CETESB were used. Information on the water quality parameters of the respective aquifers was collected from 2013 to 2015. In this way, descriptive statistical analysis of the data was carried out and Pearson's correlation matrices were later prepared. The best correlations indicate efficient equations that allow estimating a variable that requires a higher cost or that has a laboratory difficulty to obtain. The present work brings not only scientific benefits, but also economic and sustainable ones, after all it will help in the management and regulation of water resources. The Bauru aquifer had a considerable number of wells (15 samples) where nitrate concentrations were at levels above the maximum allowed for human potability, which consists of 10 mg/L. Over the three years, the Precambrian aquifer has high concentrations of iron (91 samples over the 3 years) and the maximum allowed limit is 0.3 mg/L. Finally, the Guarani aquifer suffers from Barium above the maximum allowed (1mg/L), containing 190 samples in 3 years. This metal leads to groundwater through leaching, so its contamination by the soil occurs through the handling of products, inappropriate decomposition of waste or undue agricultural activities. Descriptive statistics indicated that the Bauru, Pre-Cambrian, Serra Geral and Guarani aquifers presented coefficients of variation that were considered low (less than 10%), medium (between 10% and 20%) and very high (above 30%). , and no aquifer showed a high coefficient of variation.
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Palavras-chave
Desenvolvimento de recursos hídricos, Recursos hídricos, Contaminação, Águas subterrâneas, Water resources, Contamination, Groundwater