Depressão, ansiedade e habilidades sociais em ingressantes do curso de psicologia: caracterização e intervenção
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Data
2022-02-25
Autores
Martins, Carla Giovanna Belei
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aumento na prevalência de problemas de saúde mental em estudantes universitários afeta o desempenho acadêmico e permanência no curso. A consideração e comparação dos diferentes tipos de instituição, pública e privada, sobre a saúde mental do estudante tem sido pouco investigada pela literatura. Particularidades culturais e de acesso a recursos de países de baixa e média renda também podem afetar a implementação de avaliações e intervenções em saúde mental em universitários desses países. O Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais relacionado às demandas da vida acadêmica é indicado e recomendado para essa população. As habilidades sociais dos estudantes de psicologia são consideradas importantes para a futura atuação profissional, sendo contempladas nas habilidades e competências profissionais requeridas nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de cursos de formação. Este trabalho, buscou identificar sintomas de saúde mental e Habilidades Sociais (HS) em ingressantes do curso de psicologia de faculdades privada e pública (Estudo 1) e analisar os efeitos de um programa de Treinamento de HS sobre os sintomas de saúde mental e repertório de HS de estudantes de um curso de psicologia de uma faculdade privada (Estudo 2). No estudo 1, 46 estudantes de faculdade privada e 37 de faculdade pública responderam a instrumentos de ansiedade, depressão e habilidades sociais. Os estudantes da faculdade privada apresentavam mais sintomas de ansiedade e mais dificuldades interpessoais. Variáveis como sexo, trabalho e namoro estavam correlacionadas a variações na saúde mental e habilidades sociais desses estudantes. A ocorrência de problemas de saúde mental revelou-se ligada aos preditores pertencer ao sexo feminino, apresentar menores índices de habilidades sociais e com maiores escores de Dificuldades (comportamentos e contextos restritos e com baixa frequência de consequências reforçadoras positivas). Já o estudo 2 teve desenho experimental e contou com 10 estudantes do primeiro ano do curso de psicologia. A intervenção seguiu o programa Promove-Universitários, contando 12 sessões realizadas em formato grupal. Foram avaliados sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e habilidades sociais dos estudantes antes e após a intervenção, enquanto o grupo controle (GC) permaneceu em fila de espera. A análise dos efeitos da intervenção foi realizada pelo Método JT. Os resultados indicaram que participar do Promove-Universitários pareceu ter efeitos importantes sobre as experiências iniciais destes universitários, mantendo suas potencialidades (e aumentando-as no longo prazo, com o processo de modelagem dessas habilidades) e diminuindo (ou ao menos não intensificando) suas Dificuldades. Analisando-se os dados de caracterização e intervenção em conjunto, é possível afirmar que os estudantes, já no ingresso, enfrentavam dificuldades de saúde mental (com maior prevalência de ansiedade e depressão do que a população brasileira) e alguns indicadores importantes de déficits em HS. Também foi observado efeito potencialmente protetivo do Promove-Universitários sobre o repertório de HS dos estudantes, o que fortalece as recomendações deste tipo de intervenção para tal população. Dessa forma, a prevenção e tratamento precoce de problemas mentais em universitários devem ser considerados prioridades na promoção de políticas públicas de saúde mental. O uso do Promove-Universitários em estudantes de psicologia promoveu, também, o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de habilidades consideradas de grande importância no trabalho do psicólogo e que necessitam de maior atenção nos cursos de graduação em Psicologia.
Mental health problem has become a rising issue in college students and it affects academic performance and graduation. The difference in mental health between public and private universities students has little data. Middle- and Low-income countries’ cultural and resources access particularities also affect the implementation of mental health assessments and interventions in university students in these countries. The Social Skills Training is well recommended when it comes to assess students’ performance. Social skills in psychology students are considered an important set of skill for professional performance and are required by the National Guidelines for psychology grad students. This paper aimed at identifying mental health symptoms and social skills in freshman of both public and private universities (first manuscript) and analyze the impact of a social skills training program on mental health symptoms and on the repertoire of social skills in students of a private university (second manuscript). In the first manuscript 46 students from a private university and 37 students from a public one answered anxiety, depression and social skills inventories. Students from the private university showed more anxiety symptoms and more interpersonal difficulties. Gender, work and being in a relationship were correlated with variations in mental health and social skills in these students. Female gender, less social skills and higher scores in Difficulties (restrict behaviors and contexts with low positive reinforced consequences) were related to mental health problems. The design of second study was experimental and had 10 freshman students from the private university. Intervention followed the Promove-Universitários (a social skills training program) and had 12 group sessions. Symptoms of anxiety, depression and social skills were assessed pre and post intervention for the intervention group. The control group (waitlist) was also assessed. The JT method was used to analyze the intervention’s aftereffect. Results suggests that the intervention group showed improvement in some indicators for social skills and reduced or maintained students’ Difficulties when compared to control group. The description data showed that freshman already suffered from mental health problems (with higher prevalence of anxiety and depression when compared with the Brazilian population) and some important deficits in social skills. It was also observed the protective effect of the Promove-Universitários Program on the students’ repertoire of social skills and mental health, which strengthens the recommendations of this type of intervention for this population. Therefore, prevention and early treatment of mental health problems in university students should be considered a priority in public mental health policies. The use of the Promove-Universitários Program in psychology students promoted the development and perfection of skills considered of great importance for the future work as psychologists and it requires more attention in the Psychology undergraduate courses.
Mental health problem has become a rising issue in college students and it affects academic performance and graduation. The difference in mental health between public and private universities students has little data. Middle- and Low-income countries’ cultural and resources access particularities also affect the implementation of mental health assessments and interventions in university students in these countries. The Social Skills Training is well recommended when it comes to assess students’ performance. Social skills in psychology students are considered an important set of skill for professional performance and are required by the National Guidelines for psychology grad students. This paper aimed at identifying mental health symptoms and social skills in freshman of both public and private universities (first manuscript) and analyze the impact of a social skills training program on mental health symptoms and on the repertoire of social skills in students of a private university (second manuscript). In the first manuscript 46 students from a private university and 37 students from a public one answered anxiety, depression and social skills inventories. Students from the private university showed more anxiety symptoms and more interpersonal difficulties. Gender, work and being in a relationship were correlated with variations in mental health and social skills in these students. Female gender, less social skills and higher scores in Difficulties (restrict behaviors and contexts with low positive reinforced consequences) were related to mental health problems. The design of second study was experimental and had 10 freshman students from the private university. Intervention followed the Promove-Universitários (a social skills training program) and had 12 group sessions. Symptoms of anxiety, depression and social skills were assessed pre and post intervention for the intervention group. The control group (waitlist) was also assessed. The JT method was used to analyze the intervention’s aftereffect. Results suggests that the intervention group showed improvement in some indicators for social skills and reduced or maintained students’ Difficulties when compared to control group. The description data showed that freshman already suffered from mental health problems (with higher prevalence of anxiety and depression when compared with the Brazilian population) and some important deficits in social skills. It was also observed the protective effect of the Promove-Universitários Program on the students’ repertoire of social skills and mental health, which strengthens the recommendations of this type of intervention for this population. Therefore, prevention and early treatment of mental health problems in university students should be considered a priority in public mental health policies. The use of the Promove-Universitários Program in psychology students promoted the development and perfection of skills considered of great importance for the future work as psychologists and it requires more attention in the Psychology undergraduate courses.
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Palavras-chave
Relações humanas, Habilidades sociais, Habilidades interpessoais, Saúde mental, Estudantes universitarios, Ansiedade, Depressão mental, Social skills, Interpersonal skills, Mental health, College student, Anxiety, Depression