Plantas de ocorrência espontânea como substratos alternativos para fitoseídeos (Acari, Phytoseiidae) em cultivos de seringueira Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)
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Data
2005-03-01
Autores
Bellini, Marcos Roberto [UNESP]
Moraes, Gilberto José de
Feres, Reinaldo José Fazzio [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as espécies de plantas espontâneas em áreas de cultivo de seringueira que poderiam servir com reservatório de ácaros predadores. O trabalho foi conduzido em Olímpia, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, em dois cultivos de seringueira. A cada três meses, cerca de 1.000 cm³ de folhas de cada uma das cinco espécies de plantas espontâneas dominantes em cada cultivo foi tomada para determinar os fitoseídeos. Como as plantas espontâneas dominantes variaram durante o estudo, um total de 20 espécies foi verificado. Somente Cecropia sp. foi dominante em todo estudo, em ambos os cultivos. Um total de 336 fitoseídeos pertencentes às seguintes espécies foi encontrado: Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma, 1970, E. concordis (Chant, 1959), Galendromus annectens (DeLeon, 1958), Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, 1972, Neoseiulus anonymus (Chant & Baker, 1965) e N. tunus (DeLeon, 1967). E. citrifolius (189 espécimes) e N. tunus (138 espécimes) foram os mais abundantes. A maior abundância (231espécimes) e diversidade (5 espécies) foram observadas sobre Cecropia sp. Sobre esta planta foi encontrado o maior número de ácaros por amostra (29 espécimes), seguida por Piper duncum Linnaeus (22), Guarea sp. (18) e Ageratum conyzoides Linnaeus (12). E. citrifolius tem sido determinado como um dos ácaros predadores mais abundantes sobre seringueiras cultivadas na região onde este trabalho foi conduzido. Cecropia sp. parece ser uma das plantas espontâneas mais importantes consideradas como reservatório de E. citrifolius porque está continuamente presente nos cultivos. Estudos complementares poderiam indicar a viabilidade de se manejar esta planta nas áreas de cultivo de seringueira para permitir o controle biológico dos ácaros-praga desta cultura.
The objective of this study was to determine weed species of rubber tree cultivation areas that could serve as reservoirs of predatory mites. The work was conducted in Olímpia, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in two rubber tree plantations. Every three months, about 1.000 cm³ of leaves of each one of the five dominant weeds in each plantation was taken to determine the phytoseiids. As the dominant weeds varied during the study, a total of 20 species were evaluated. Only Cecropia sp. was a dominant weed throughout the study, in both plantations. A total of 336 phytoseiids of the following species were found: Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma, 1970, E. concordis (Chant, 1959), Galendromus annectens (DeLeon, 1958), Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, 1972, Neoseiulus anonymus (Chant & Baker, 1965) and N. tunus (DeLeon, 1967). E. citrifolius (189 specimens) and N. tunus (138 specimens) were the most abundant species. The highest abundance (231 specimens) and diversity (5 species) were observed on Cecropia sp. on this plant was found the largest number of mites per sample (29 specimens), followed by Piper duncum Linnaeus (22), Guarea sp. (18) and Ageratum conyzoides Linnaeus (12). E. citrifolius has been determined as the most abundant predatory mite on rubber trees in the region where this work was conducted. Cecropia sp. seems to be the most important of the weeds considered as reservoir of E. citrifolius because it is continuously present in the plantations. Complementary studies could indicate the viability of managing this weed in or around rubber tree plantations to promote the biological control of mite pests on that crop.
The objective of this study was to determine weed species of rubber tree cultivation areas that could serve as reservoirs of predatory mites. The work was conducted in Olímpia, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in two rubber tree plantations. Every three months, about 1.000 cm³ of leaves of each one of the five dominant weeds in each plantation was taken to determine the phytoseiids. As the dominant weeds varied during the study, a total of 20 species were evaluated. Only Cecropia sp. was a dominant weed throughout the study, in both plantations. A total of 336 phytoseiids of the following species were found: Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma, 1970, E. concordis (Chant, 1959), Galendromus annectens (DeLeon, 1958), Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, 1972, Neoseiulus anonymus (Chant & Baker, 1965) and N. tunus (DeLeon, 1967). E. citrifolius (189 specimens) and N. tunus (138 specimens) were the most abundant species. The highest abundance (231 specimens) and diversity (5 species) were observed on Cecropia sp. on this plant was found the largest number of mites per sample (29 specimens), followed by Piper duncum Linnaeus (22), Guarea sp. (18) and Ageratum conyzoides Linnaeus (12). E. citrifolius has been determined as the most abundant predatory mite on rubber trees in the region where this work was conducted. Cecropia sp. seems to be the most important of the weeds considered as reservoir of E. citrifolius because it is continuously present in the plantations. Complementary studies could indicate the viability of managing this weed in or around rubber tree plantations to promote the biological control of mite pests on that crop.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Controle biológico, manejo de praga, manejo ecológico, Biological control, Ecological management, Pest management
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia, v. 22, n. 1, p. 35-42, 2005.