Influência do parasitismo pelo nematoide de galhas nos níveis de nutrientes em folhas e na fenologia de goiabeira 'Paluma'
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Data
2011-01-01
Autores
Almeida, Eduardo José de [UNESP]
Santos, Jaime Maia dos [UNESP]
Martins, Antonio Baldo Geraldo [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Instituto Agronômico de Campinas
Resumo
A redução no vigor de goiabeiras parasitadas por Meloidogyne enterolobii é consequência das alterações ocorridas no sistema radicular que desencadeia uma síndrome caracterizada por desequilíbrio nutricional. Para caracterizar esse desequilíbrio, foram efetuadas análises químicas de folhas com três tipos de sintomas visuais (folhas sem sintoma, com sintoma leve e sintoma severo) de goiabeiras 'Paluma', em duas épocas: fevereiro e agosto. As plantas foram cultivadas com e sem inoculação de Meloidogyne enterolobii por dois anos em microparcelas. Os teores de N, P e K decresceram em folhas sem sintomas para folhas com sintoma leve e severo nas análises realizadas nas duas épocas. O Ca teve sua concentração aumentada com o agravamento dos sintomas, em ambas as épocas. em fevereiro, não houve alteração em Mg, mas em agosto sua concentração foi maior em folhas com sintoma severo do que em folhas com sintoma leve ou sem sintoma. O S teve uma concentração maior em folhas sem sintoma, em fevereiro, e em agosto as folhas com sintoma severo tiveram as maiores concentrações desse nutriente. O teor de B não diferiu quanto à presença ou ausência de sintomas e a épocas de análise. O Cu e o Fe tiveram aumento de concentração em fevereiro em folhas com ausência de sintoma para as folhas com sintoma severo. O teor de Zn reduziu com o aumento dos sintomas visuais nas folhas nas duas épocas de avaliação. A fenologia da goiabeira 'Paluma' não foi influenciada pelo parasitismo de M. enterolobii na primeira florada.
The reduction in vigor of guava infected by Meloidogyne enterolobii is a consequence of changes in root system, with this infection triggering a syndrome characterized by symptoms related to nutritional imbalance. To characterize it, chemical analyses were performed in three types of leaves (leaves without symptoms, with symptoms considered mild and severe) and also in soil in two periods: February and August. The plants were grown for two years with and without inoculation of the guava nematode. The concentrations of N, P and K decreased in leaves without symptoms compared with leaves with mild and severe symptom in the analysis carried out in both seasons. Ca concentration was increased with the worsening of symptoms in both seasons. Mg concentration did not change in February, but in August it also had its highest concentration in leaves with severe symptoms different from the leaves with mild or without symptoms. Leaf S concentration was higher in leaves without symptoms in the analysis conducted in February, whereas in August, the leaves with severe symptoms had higher S concentrations. The concentration of B did not differ regarding the presence or absence of symptoms and time of analysis. In February, Cu and Fe concentrations were increased in leaves with severe symptoms. The concentration of Zn decreased with increasing the severity of leaf visual symptoms in both times of assessment. The phenology of guava cultivar Paluma was not affected by infection of M. enterolobii at the first flowering.
The reduction in vigor of guava infected by Meloidogyne enterolobii is a consequence of changes in root system, with this infection triggering a syndrome characterized by symptoms related to nutritional imbalance. To characterize it, chemical analyses were performed in three types of leaves (leaves without symptoms, with symptoms considered mild and severe) and also in soil in two periods: February and August. The plants were grown for two years with and without inoculation of the guava nematode. The concentrations of N, P and K decreased in leaves without symptoms compared with leaves with mild and severe symptom in the analysis carried out in both seasons. Ca concentration was increased with the worsening of symptoms in both seasons. Mg concentration did not change in February, but in August it also had its highest concentration in leaves with severe symptoms different from the leaves with mild or without symptoms. Leaf S concentration was higher in leaves without symptoms in the analysis conducted in February, whereas in August, the leaves with severe symptoms had higher S concentrations. The concentration of B did not differ regarding the presence or absence of symptoms and time of analysis. In February, Cu and Fe concentrations were increased in leaves with severe symptoms. The concentration of Zn decreased with increasing the severity of leaf visual symptoms in both times of assessment. The phenology of guava cultivar Paluma was not affected by infection of M. enterolobii at the first flowering.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
nutritional imbalance, mineral composition of plants, Root-knot nematodes, deficiência nutricional, Nutrição mineral, Nematóide das galhas, fruticultura
Como citar
Bragantia. Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, v. 70, n. 4, p. 876-881, 2011.