Compreensão da experiência interacional de enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem e médicos diante da pandemia de COVID-19 em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento.
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2022-04-20
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Introdução: A pandemia de COVID-19 ocasionou consequências à saúde mental e riscos ocupacionais para os profissionais da saúde no seu enfrentamento, pela sobrecarga de trabalho e psicológica. Nesse contexto, torna-se relevante compreender a experiência de enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem e médicos de saúde de uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento, serviço da rede de urgência e emergência do Sistema Único de Saúde. Objetivos: Compreender a experiência interacional da equipe de saúde diante da pandemia de COVID-19; elaborar modelo teórico representativo dessa experiência. Métodos: Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, segundo referenciais teórico-metodológicos da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e do Interacionismo Simbólico. Realizou-se a coleta dos dados de julho a dezembro de 2020, por entrevistas presenciais ou virtuais via Google Meet®, com profissionais da equipe de saúde de Unidade de Pronto Atendimento, de cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, após aceitarem o convite de participação. Utilizou-se a ferramenta Gmail das pesquisadoras para gravar as entrevistas, as quais foram transcritas em documentos do Word®, com denominações alfanuméricas para manter o sigilo e anonimato dos atores. Resultados: Compreendeu-se a experiência cronologicamente denominada: Na iminência da pandemia; Durante a pandemia e Efeitos da pandemia. Na primeira fase compreendeu-se o subprocesso Enfrentando a iminência da pandemia com dificuldades. Na subsequente identificaram-se os subprocessos: Definindo estratégias para enfrentar a pandemia, Convivendo com a pandemia; Identificando problemas e necessidades durante o enfrentamento da pandemia; Refletindo sobre o enfrentamento da pandemia. A fase final, Efeitos da pandemia, com o subprocesso Refletindo sobre os efeitos da pandemia. O modelo teórico foi definido de acordo com os fenômenos temporais e cronológicos da experiência dos atores do estudo e baseado nos conceitos do interacionismo simbólico. Discussão: Foram identificados fenômenos nas experiências dos atores. Em relação à Iminência da pandemia citam-se medo, estresse, ansiedade, desconhecimento da doença, falta de equipamentos de proteção, além da expectativa de uma situação caótica que se instalou no mundo. Durante a pandemia foram definidas estratégias de enfrentamento, com protocolos e rotinas de trabalho; e identificados problemas e necessidades, como a falta de apoio psicológico aos profissionais. Como efeitos da pandemia, retratou-se o adoecimento de profissionais; esperança pela vacina e o preparo para novos desafios, pelas habilidades adquiridas na vivência atual. O modelo teórico da experiência foi representado por um diagrama em espiral, composto pelos fenômenos que se aproximaram aos conceitos do interacionismo simbólico. Nessa interação, o self direcionou o enfrentamento da pandemia, pela criação de novos significados na equipe de saúde. Considerações finais: A sobreposição das fases cronológicas da pandemia no diagrama do modelo teórico reflete a sua interdependência, e como os fenômenos identificados contribuíram para essa dinâmica de enfrentamento dos desafios pelos profissionais da saúde.
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic caused consequences to mental health and occupational risks for health professionals who faced the current pandemic. Health teams suffered from work and psychological overload. In this context, it is important to understand the experience of the health team of an Emergency Care Unit. Objectives: To understand the interactional experience of the health team of an Emergency Care Unit, composed of nurses, nursing technicians and physicians in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic; develop a theoretical model representative of the team's experience. Methods: Qualitative study, based on theoretical-methodological frameworks of Grounded Theory and Symbolic Interactionism. Data collection was carried out from July to December 2020, with presential and virtual interviews via Google Meet®, with professionals from the health team of a UPA in a city in the interior of São Paulo, after the invitation and acceptance of participation. The interviews were recorded using the researchers' Gmail® tool and transcribed into Word® documents with alphanumeric names to maintain confidentiality and anonymity. Results: The experience was chronologically named: On the verge of the pandemic; During the Pandemic and Effects of the Pandemic. In the first phase, the subprocess Facing the imminence of the pandemic with difficulties was understood. Subsequently, the subprocesses were identified: Defining strategies to face the pandemic, Living with the pandemic; Identifying problems and needs during the pandemic; Reflecting on the face of the pandemic. The final phase, Effects of the pandemic, with the sub-process Reflecting on the effects of the pandemic. The theoretical model was defined according to the temporal and chronological phenomena of the study participants' experience and based on the concepts of symbolic interactionism. Discussion: Phenomena were identified in the participants' experiences. In knowledge of On the verge of the pandemic, fear, stress, anxiety, misunderstanding of the disease, lack of protective equipment, in addition to the expectation of a chaotic situation that has settled in the world, are mentioned. During the pandemic, coping strategies were defined, with protocols and work routines; and identified problems and problems, such as the lack of support for professionals. As effects of the pandemic, it was portrayed or illness of professionals; hope for the vaccine and the preparation for new challenges, based on the skills acquired in the current experience. The theoretical model of experience was represented by a spiral diagram, composed of the phenomena that approached the concepts of symbolic interactionism. Final considerations: The superposition of the chronological phases of the pandemic in the diagram of the theoretical model reflects their interdependence, and showed the phenomena identified contributed to this dynamic of facing challenges by health professionals
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic caused consequences to mental health and occupational risks for health professionals who faced the current pandemic. Health teams suffered from work and psychological overload. In this context, it is important to understand the experience of the health team of an Emergency Care Unit. Objectives: To understand the interactional experience of the health team of an Emergency Care Unit, composed of nurses, nursing technicians and physicians in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic; develop a theoretical model representative of the team's experience. Methods: Qualitative study, based on theoretical-methodological frameworks of Grounded Theory and Symbolic Interactionism. Data collection was carried out from July to December 2020, with presential and virtual interviews via Google Meet®, with professionals from the health team of a UPA in a city in the interior of São Paulo, after the invitation and acceptance of participation. The interviews were recorded using the researchers' Gmail® tool and transcribed into Word® documents with alphanumeric names to maintain confidentiality and anonymity. Results: The experience was chronologically named: On the verge of the pandemic; During the Pandemic and Effects of the Pandemic. In the first phase, the subprocess Facing the imminence of the pandemic with difficulties was understood. Subsequently, the subprocesses were identified: Defining strategies to face the pandemic, Living with the pandemic; Identifying problems and needs during the pandemic; Reflecting on the face of the pandemic. The final phase, Effects of the pandemic, with the sub-process Reflecting on the effects of the pandemic. The theoretical model was defined according to the temporal and chronological phenomena of the study participants' experience and based on the concepts of symbolic interactionism. Discussion: Phenomena were identified in the participants' experiences. In knowledge of On the verge of the pandemic, fear, stress, anxiety, misunderstanding of the disease, lack of protective equipment, in addition to the expectation of a chaotic situation that has settled in the world, are mentioned. During the pandemic, coping strategies were defined, with protocols and work routines; and identified problems and problems, such as the lack of support for professionals. As effects of the pandemic, it was portrayed or illness of professionals; hope for the vaccine and the preparation for new challenges, based on the skills acquired in the current experience. The theoretical model of experience was represented by a spiral diagram, composed of the phenomena that approached the concepts of symbolic interactionism. Final considerations: The superposition of the chronological phases of the pandemic in the diagram of the theoretical model reflects their interdependence, and showed the phenomena identified contributed to this dynamic of facing challenges by health professionals
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Servidores públicos municipais, Instituições de saúde, Serviços médicos de emergência, Epidemias, Pessoal de saúde, Profissionais de saúde, Health personnel, Pandemics