O uso das ferramentas de empoderamento na enfermagem: revisão sistemática de método misto
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Data
2022-02-23
Autores
Nogueira, Duelene Ludimila [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Introdução: O empoderamento estrutural e psicológico na enfermagem, tem sido apontado como uma ferramenta positiva para a satisfação no trabalho, comprometimento organizacional, melhora no atendimento prestado e redução no desejo por abandono do trabalho. Com isso, pode trazer muitos benefícios para o empregado e para o empregador. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de método misto, utilizando a metodologia do Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI). Foram considerados estudos completos e primários publicados entre os anos de 2009 e 2020. A busca pelas literaturas foi realizada utilizando estratégia de busca criada e adaptada para cada base de dados com os termos “gerentes”, “enfermeiro”, “empoderamento” e “ferramentas”. Os seus respectivos correspondentes em inglês. Sete Bases de dados: SCOPUS (Elsevier); Public Medline (PubMed); Web of Science/Coleção Principal (Thomson Reuters Scientific); Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe (Lilacs), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE, Registro Central Cochrane de Ensaios Controlados e uma Biblioteca virtual: Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo) foram consultadas resultando em 1715 estudos recuperados. A seleção por leitura de título e resumo foi realizada por meio do aplicativo Rayyan QCRI the Systematic Reviews Web app. Os estudos previamente selecionados foram recuperados e lidos na íntegra. Como critérios de inclusão utilizamos os seguintes itens: Participantes: enfermeiros (independente da raça, gênero ou idade); com formação equivalente a Graduação em Ensino Superior do Brasil para os estudos Quantitativos, para os Qualitativo não houve exclusão; Intervenção / fenômeno de interesse: a utilização dos instrumentos e ferramentas de empoderamento utilizados e como se dava o uso dessas ferramentas; Comparador / controle: enfermeiros que não conheciam ou não utilizavam essas ferramentas e a incidência de turnover; Tipos de estudo: Completos e primários, publicados entre os anos de 2009 e 2020 . Não houve restrição linguística. A busca foi realizada em março de 2021. As avaliações da qualidade metodológica dos estudos elegíveis foram feitas utilizando JBI’s critical appraisal tools e a extração dos dados foi realizada utilizando JBI Extraction para estudos quantitativos e JBI QARI Data Extraction Tools for Qualitative Research para estudos qualitativos. Utilizamos a nota de corte de 70% de respostas afirmativas. O nível de evidência e a força da recomendação foram avaliados pelo JBI Grades of Recommendation. Resultados: Dos 1.715 estudos potencialmente relevantes, 12 foram incluídos nesta Revisão Sistemática. A amostra final foi composta por nove estudos quantitativos e três estudos qualitativos. O estilo de liderança que mais apareceu foi o transformacional, seguido por transacional e passive avoidant. A supervisão abusiva foi negativa e significativamente associada com coragem moral (-0,476, p <0,001). A qualidade da relação líder / liderado está positivamente relacionada à identificação organizacional e inserção no trabalho e negativamente relacionada a intenção de rotatividade. Os enfermeiros que participaram de treinamento para desenvolver liderança relataram se sentir mais confiantes para executar suas tarefas e gerar um ambiente saudável com autonomia para sua equipe. Conclusão: O empoderamento psicológico e estrutural, a frequência e qualidade dos feedbacks e o estímulo à autonomia foram fatores protetores para o aumento da intenção de rotatividade dos enfermeiros no contexto de trabalho da enfermagem.
Introduction: Structural and psychological empowerment in nursing has been pointed out as a positive tool for job satisfaction, organizational commitment, improved care and reduced desire to quit work. With this, it can bring many benefits to the employee and the employer. Method: This is a systematic review of mixed method, using the methodology of Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Complete and primary studies published between 2009 and 2020 were considered. The literature search was performed using a search strategy created and adapted for each database with the terms “managers”, “nurse”, “empowerment” and “tools”. Their respective English counterparts. Seven Databases: SCOPUS (Elsevier); Public Medline (PubMed); Web of Science/Main Collection (Thomson Reuters Scientific); Latin American and Caribbean Literature (Lilacs), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials and a Virtual Library: Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) were consulted resulting in 1715 retrieved studies. The selection of reading title and abstract was performed using the Rayyan QCRI the Systematic Reviews Web app. Previously selected studies were retrieved and read completely. As an inclusion criteria we used the following items: Participants: nurses (regardless of race, gender or age); with training equivalent to a Bachelor's Degree in Higher Education in Brazil for Quantitative studies, for Qualitative studies there was no exclusion; Intervention / phenomenon of interest: the use of instruments and empowerment tools used and how these tools were used; Comparator / control: nurses who did not know or did not use these tools and the incidence of turnover; Study types: complete and primary, published between 2009 and 2020. There was no language restriction. The search was performed in March of 2021. Methodological quality assessments of eligible studies were performed using JBI's critical appraisal tools and data extraction was performed using JBI Extraction for quantitative studies and JBI QARI Data Extraction Tools for Qualitative Research for qualitative studies. We used the cut-off of 70% of affirmative answers. The level of evidence and strength of the recommendation were assessed by JBI Grades of Recommendation. Results: Out of 1,715 potentially relevant studies, 12 were included in this Systematic Review. The final sample consisted of nine quantitative studies and three qualitative studies. The leadership style that appeared the most was transformational, followed by transactional and passive avoidant. Abusive supervision was negatively and significantly associated with moral courage (-0.476, p<0.001). The quality of the leader/follower relationship is positively related to organizational identification and job insertion and negatively related to turnover intention. Nurses who participated in training to develop leadership reported feeling more confident in performing their duties and create a healthy environment with autonomy for their team. Conclusion: Psychological and structural empowerment, the frequency and quality of feedback and the stimulus to autonomy were protective factors for the increase in nurses' turnover intention in the nursing working context.
Introduction: Structural and psychological empowerment in nursing has been pointed out as a positive tool for job satisfaction, organizational commitment, improved care and reduced desire to quit work. With this, it can bring many benefits to the employee and the employer. Method: This is a systematic review of mixed method, using the methodology of Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Complete and primary studies published between 2009 and 2020 were considered. The literature search was performed using a search strategy created and adapted for each database with the terms “managers”, “nurse”, “empowerment” and “tools”. Their respective English counterparts. Seven Databases: SCOPUS (Elsevier); Public Medline (PubMed); Web of Science/Main Collection (Thomson Reuters Scientific); Latin American and Caribbean Literature (Lilacs), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials and a Virtual Library: Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) were consulted resulting in 1715 retrieved studies. The selection of reading title and abstract was performed using the Rayyan QCRI the Systematic Reviews Web app. Previously selected studies were retrieved and read completely. As an inclusion criteria we used the following items: Participants: nurses (regardless of race, gender or age); with training equivalent to a Bachelor's Degree in Higher Education in Brazil for Quantitative studies, for Qualitative studies there was no exclusion; Intervention / phenomenon of interest: the use of instruments and empowerment tools used and how these tools were used; Comparator / control: nurses who did not know or did not use these tools and the incidence of turnover; Study types: complete and primary, published between 2009 and 2020. There was no language restriction. The search was performed in March of 2021. Methodological quality assessments of eligible studies were performed using JBI's critical appraisal tools and data extraction was performed using JBI Extraction for quantitative studies and JBI QARI Data Extraction Tools for Qualitative Research for qualitative studies. We used the cut-off of 70% of affirmative answers. The level of evidence and strength of the recommendation were assessed by JBI Grades of Recommendation. Results: Out of 1,715 potentially relevant studies, 12 were included in this Systematic Review. The final sample consisted of nine quantitative studies and three qualitative studies. The leadership style that appeared the most was transformational, followed by transactional and passive avoidant. Abusive supervision was negatively and significantly associated with moral courage (-0.476, p<0.001). The quality of the leader/follower relationship is positively related to organizational identification and job insertion and negatively related to turnover intention. Nurses who participated in training to develop leadership reported feeling more confident in performing their duties and create a healthy environment with autonomy for their team. Conclusion: Psychological and structural empowerment, the frequency and quality of feedback and the stimulus to autonomy were protective factors for the increase in nurses' turnover intention in the nursing working context.
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Revisão sistemática, Enfermeiro, Gerenciamento da prática profissional, Empoderamento, Ferramentas, Gerentes, Systematic review, Nurse, Professional practice management, Empowerment, Tools and Managers