Análise do efeito da idade relativa na aderência de jovens atletas ao esporte
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2022-02-16
Autores
Silva, Pedro Victor Felisberto da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: O principal critério para categorização de modalidades esportivas de base é por meio da idade cronológica, a qual é determinada a partir da data de nascimento do indivíduo em razão de uma data de seleção pré-definida, a qual tem o intuito de equalizar as competições e oferecer níveis igualitários de desenvolvimento esportivo. Todavia, as diferenças existentes de idade cronológica de indivíduos pertencentes a uma mesma categoria esportiva etária implicam um viés estrutural no atual modelo de organização esportiva de base. Objetivo: Com isso, o objetivo geral do estudo foi identificar se a amplitude de diferença de idade (Efeito da Idade Relativa) entre adolescentes de ambos os sexos engajados regularmente em esportes na cidade de Presidente Prudente – SP, Brasil pode afetar a aderência à prática esportiva estruturada, composição corporal e sintomas de lesões musculoesqueléticas. Métodos: Estudo de caráter observacional e longitudinal que analisou adolescentes esportistas por meio de duas avaliações anuais. Foram realizadas coletas de composição corporal, maturação somática, quantificação de distúrbios osteomusculares e características antropométricas em 285 adolescentes esportistas e não esportistas de ambos os sexos. Para a determinação das variáveis categóricas e seu efeito na aderência à prática esportiva os avaliados foram segmentados em quartis e, posteriormente analisados (01° Trimestre; 02° Trimestre; 03° Trimestre e 04° Trimestre). A análise de variância para medidas repetidas (ANOVA [teste post hoc de Tukey]) foi utilizada para estabelecer comparações ao longo do seguimento. As variáveis categóricas foram expressas como valores percentuais (e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% [IC95%]), sobre os quais foram aplicados testes estatísticos de característica univariada e multivariada. Resultados: O estudo identificou a não associação significante entre o período de nascimento com aderência à prática esportiva estruturada, composição corporal e sintomas de lesões musculoesqueléticas, contudo, identificou-se uma desproporção na frequência de nascimentos de acordo com os quartis. Conclusão: Conclui-se que, na amostra analisada, o Efeito da Idade Relativa não exerceu influência nos desfechos analisados, porém, fundamentou uma desproporção na frequência de nascimentos.
Introduction: The main criterion for categorizing grassroots sports is through chronological age, which is determined from the individual's date of birth due to a pre-defined selection date, which aims to equalize competitions and offer equal levels. of sports development. However, the existing differences in the chronological age of individuals belonging to the same age sports category implies a structural bias in the current model of grassroots sports organization. Objective: With this, the general objective of the study was to identify if the amplitude of the age difference (Age of the Relative Age) between the two sexes regularly engaged in sports in Presidente Prufeito in adolescence - SP, Brazil can mark the city of adhesion to the structured sports practice , body composition and symptoms of musculoskeletal deficiencies. Methods: Observational and longitudinal study that analyzed adolescent athletes through two annual assessments. Body composition, somatic maturation, quantification of musculoskeletal disorders and anthropometric characteristics were collected in 285 sports adolescents of both sexes. To determine the categorical variables as well as their effect on adherence to sports practice, the evaluated were segmented into quartiles, and later analyzed according to their respective birth quartiles (01st Quarter; 02nd Quarter; 03rd Quarter and 04th Quarter). Analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA [Tukey's post hoc test]) was used to establish comparisons throughout the follow-up. Categorical variables were expressed as percentage values (and their respective 95% confidence intervals [95%CI]), on which univariate and multivariate statistical tests were applied. Results: The study identified a significant non-association between the period of birth and adherence to structured sports practice, body composition and symptoms of musculoskeletal injuries, however, a disproportion in the frequency of births according to quartiles was identified. Conclusion: It is concluded that, in the analyzed sample, the Relative Age Effect did not influence the analyzed outcomes, however, it justified a disproportion in the frequency of births.
Introduction: The main criterion for categorizing grassroots sports is through chronological age, which is determined from the individual's date of birth due to a pre-defined selection date, which aims to equalize competitions and offer equal levels. of sports development. However, the existing differences in the chronological age of individuals belonging to the same age sports category implies a structural bias in the current model of grassroots sports organization. Objective: With this, the general objective of the study was to identify if the amplitude of the age difference (Age of the Relative Age) between the two sexes regularly engaged in sports in Presidente Prufeito in adolescence - SP, Brazil can mark the city of adhesion to the structured sports practice , body composition and symptoms of musculoskeletal deficiencies. Methods: Observational and longitudinal study that analyzed adolescent athletes through two annual assessments. Body composition, somatic maturation, quantification of musculoskeletal disorders and anthropometric characteristics were collected in 285 sports adolescents of both sexes. To determine the categorical variables as well as their effect on adherence to sports practice, the evaluated were segmented into quartiles, and later analyzed according to their respective birth quartiles (01st Quarter; 02nd Quarter; 03rd Quarter and 04th Quarter). Analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA [Tukey's post hoc test]) was used to establish comparisons throughout the follow-up. Categorical variables were expressed as percentage values (and their respective 95% confidence intervals [95%CI]), on which univariate and multivariate statistical tests were applied. Results: The study identified a significant non-association between the period of birth and adherence to structured sports practice, body composition and symptoms of musculoskeletal injuries, however, a disproportion in the frequency of births according to quartiles was identified. Conclusion: It is concluded that, in the analyzed sample, the Relative Age Effect did not influence the analyzed outcomes, however, it justified a disproportion in the frequency of births.
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Palavras-chave
Prática esportiva, Conservação no esporte, Esporte juvenil, Esporte de base, Descontinuação esportiva, Aderência esportiva, Idade relativa, Sports practice, Conservation in sport, Youth sport, Base sport, Sports forfeit, Sport grip, Relative age