Avaliação comparativa sobre o uso de diferentes ferramentas no torneamento do aço AISI 52100
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Data
2022-01-31
Autores
Coura, Vinicius Moura
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A constante busca pelo aperfeiçoamento dos processos de fabricação, gera um desenvolvimento contínuo na área de usinagem dos materiais reduzindo os custos, aumentando a eficiência e restringindo os impactos ambientais. Dentro dessa área se destaca a busca por ferramentas mais apropriadas para cada necessidade. Ainda nesse contexto, a usinagem a seco e o recobrimento das ferramentas de corte estão sendo gradativamente mais estudados. Diante disso, este trabalho procurou confrontar a performance de duas ferramentas de diferentes materiais, uma de nitreto cúbico de boro e outra de metal duro com revestimento de TiCN+Al2O3+TiN, na usinagem do aço AISI 52100. O aço AISI 52100 apresenta diversas propriedades que o torna ótimo para a fabricação de componentes de precisão e rolamentos, além de possuir um baixo custo. Foram realizados dezesseis ensaios onde se determinou os valores dos seguintes parâmetros: potência de usinagem, rugosidade, vibração, emissão acústica, desgaste das ferramentas e os tipos e formação de cavacos. Também foram avaliados os efeitos gerados pela variação dos parâmetros de corte (velocidade de corte e avanço) na rugosidade final aço. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Estudo da Usinagem da UNESP – Guaratinguetá, utilizando um centro de torneamento CNC da marca Romi, modelo GL 240M, com um sistema de aquisição de dados para captação de potência, vibração e emissão acústica, partindo de diferentes parâmetros de corte (velocidade de corte e avanço). Os corpos de prova de aço AISI 52100 foram usinados com velocidade de corte de 100 e 150 m/min e avanços de 0,05 e 0,1 mm/rot, tendo a profundidade de corte constante em 0,25mm. Em resumo, os resultados obtidos com esse trabalho expressam que a ferramenta de nitreto cúbido de boro (CBN) apresentou um melhor desempenho na usinagem do aço AISI 52100 para os parâmetros analisados. Com a utilização da análise de variância notou-se que o menor valor de rugosidade foi obtido com a ferramenta de CBN a uma velocidade de corte de 150 m/min e avanço de 0,05 mm/rot.
The constant search for the improvement of the manufacturing processes, generates a continuous development in the area of machining of materials, reducing costs, increasing efficiency and restricting environmental impacts. Within this area, the search for the most appropriate tools for each need stands out. Still in this context, dry machining and coating of cutting tools are being gradually more studied. Therefore, this work sought to compare the performance of two tools made of different materials, one made of cubic boron nitride and the other made of carbide coated with TiCN+Al2O3+TiN, in the machining of AISI 52100 steel. which makes it great for manufacturing precision components and bearings, as well as having a low cost. Sixteen tests were carried out in which the values of the following parameters were determined: machining power, roughness, vibration, acoustic emission, tool wear and the types and formation of chips. The effects generated by the variation of cutting parameters (cutting speed and feed) on the final roughness of the steel were also evaluated. The work was developed at the Laboratory of Machining Study of UNESP - Guaratinguetá, using a CNC turning center of the Romi brand, model GL 240M, with a data acquisition system for capturing power, vibration and acoustic emission, starting from different parameters. cutting speed (cutting speed and feed). The AISI 52100 steel specimens were machined with cutting speeds of 100 and 150 m/min and feeds of 0.05 and 0.1 mm/rev, with a constant cutting depth of 0.25 mm. In summary, the results obtained with this work show that the cubic boron nitride (CBN) tool showed a better performance in the machining of AISI 52100 steel for the analyzed parameters. Using analysis of variance, it was noted that the lowest roughness value was obtained with the CBN tool at a cutting speed of 150 m/min and feed of 0.05 mm/rev.
The constant search for the improvement of the manufacturing processes, generates a continuous development in the area of machining of materials, reducing costs, increasing efficiency and restricting environmental impacts. Within this area, the search for the most appropriate tools for each need stands out. Still in this context, dry machining and coating of cutting tools are being gradually more studied. Therefore, this work sought to compare the performance of two tools made of different materials, one made of cubic boron nitride and the other made of carbide coated with TiCN+Al2O3+TiN, in the machining of AISI 52100 steel. which makes it great for manufacturing precision components and bearings, as well as having a low cost. Sixteen tests were carried out in which the values of the following parameters were determined: machining power, roughness, vibration, acoustic emission, tool wear and the types and formation of chips. The effects generated by the variation of cutting parameters (cutting speed and feed) on the final roughness of the steel were also evaluated. The work was developed at the Laboratory of Machining Study of UNESP - Guaratinguetá, using a CNC turning center of the Romi brand, model GL 240M, with a data acquisition system for capturing power, vibration and acoustic emission, starting from different parameters. cutting speed (cutting speed and feed). The AISI 52100 steel specimens were machined with cutting speeds of 100 and 150 m/min and feeds of 0.05 and 0.1 mm/rev, with a constant cutting depth of 0.25 mm. In summary, the results obtained with this work show that the cubic boron nitride (CBN) tool showed a better performance in the machining of AISI 52100 steel for the analyzed parameters. Using analysis of variance, it was noted that the lowest roughness value was obtained with the CBN tool at a cutting speed of 150 m/min and feed of 0.05 mm/rev.
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Palavras-chave
Usinagem, CBN, Metal duro, Rugosidade, Recobrimento, AISI 52100, Machining, Coated carbide, Roughness