Uma análise do direito às terras indígenas na perspectiva dos direitos humanos: o Brasil e a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos
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Data
2022-05-02
Autores
Moraes, Julia Thais de Assis
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente dissertação visa analisar o direito às terras indígenas na perspectiva dos direitos humanos. O aporte primário da pesquisa é a legislação internacional, bem como a jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, a Convenção Interamericana de Direitos Humanos de Direitos Humanos (1969), a Convenção n. 107 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (1957), a Convenção n. 169 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (1989) e demais normas internacionais atinentes à temática. Justifica-se o referido aporte primário em virtude das normas internacionais e a jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos serem elementares na proteção aos direitos humanos indígenas. A Convenção n. 169 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho é elementar, pois estruturou no direito a diferença, levando os direitos humanos pautados em uma perspectiva universal a compreender as diferenças culturais devem ser levadas em consideração para que se possa proteger grupos minoritários como os indígenas. Assim, adota-se uma visão multicultural dos direitos humanos, na qual se reconhece o caráter universal dos direitos humanos, mas se entende que a Convenção n. 169 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, a Declaração das Nações Unidas sobre os Direitos Indígenas (2007) e a Declaração sobre os Direitos dos Povos Indígenas da Organização dos Estados Americanos (2016) são fruto da compreensão internacional de que, para proteger alguns grupos, deve-se compreendê-los em conformidade com a sua cultura, visto que isso diferencia os conteúdos de direitos tidos como universais. Como aporte secundário, tem-se a Constituição Federal de 1988, que possibilitou a internalização dos direitos humanos no ordenamento normativo brasileiro, tornando o Brasil signatário de documentos de direitos humanos, e possibilitou incorporação da Convenção Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é investigar a construção dos direitos humanos, com ênfase nos direitos humanos indígenas. E, como objetivo específico, tem-se a análise da jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e do Brasil, no sentido que essa corte regional que consolidou uma ampla jurisprudência protetiva aos direitos humanos indígenas territoriais, e o Brasil, ao se submeter à sua jurisdição, tem o dever de respeitar as decisões proferidas pela mesma diante de suas demandas face à corte. Dessa forma, parte-se do seguinte questionamento hipotético: como se deu a construção dos direitos humanos em torno dos indígenas e como o Brasil se tornou signatária da Convenção Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e das decisões proferidas pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos? Questionamento que se pretende responder a partir de procedimentos metodológicos que incluem levantamento bibliográfico primário (legislação) e secundário (textos teóricos e complementares) e de dados qualitativos e quantitativos secundários.
This dissertation aims to analyze the right to indigenous lands from the perspective of human rights. The primary input of the research is international legislation, as well as the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights and Human Rights (1969), Convention no. 107 of the International Labor Organization (1957), Convention no. 169 of the International Labor Organization (1989) and other international standards related to the subject. This primary contribution is justified by virtue of international norms and the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights being elementary in the protection of indigenous human rights. Convention no. 169 of the International Labor Organization is elementary, as it structured the right to difference, taking human rights based on a universal perspective to understand cultural differences must be taken into account so that minority groups such as indigenous peoples can be protected. Thus, a multicultural vision of human rights is adopted, in which the universal character of human rights is recognized, but it is understood that Convention no. 169 of the International Labor Organization, the United Nations Declaration on Indigenous Rights (2007) and the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples of the Organization of American States (2016) are the result of the international understanding that, in order to protect some groups, one must It is necessary to understand them in accordance with their culture, as this differentiates the contents of rights considered universal. As a secondary contribution, there is the Federal Constitution of 1988, which enabled the internalization of human rights in the Brazilian regulatory system, making Brazil a signatory of human rights documents, and made possible the incorporation of the InterAmerican Convention on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Humans. The general objective of the research is to investigate the construction of human rights, with an emphasis on indigenous human rights. And, as a specific objective, there is the analysis of the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and of Brazil, in the sense that this regional court, which consolidated a broad jurisprudence protecting territorial indigenous human rights, and Brazil, by submitting to its jurisdiction, has the duty to respect the decisions rendered by the same in the face of its demands before the court. Thus, it starts with the following hypothetical question: how was the construction of human rights around indigenous peoples and how did Brazil become a signatory to the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights and the decisions handed down by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights? This question is intended to be answered using methodological procedures that include a primary (legislation) and secondary (theoretical and complementary texts) bibliographic survey and secondary qualitative and quantitative data.
This dissertation aims to analyze the right to indigenous lands from the perspective of human rights. The primary input of the research is international legislation, as well as the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights and Human Rights (1969), Convention no. 107 of the International Labor Organization (1957), Convention no. 169 of the International Labor Organization (1989) and other international standards related to the subject. This primary contribution is justified by virtue of international norms and the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights being elementary in the protection of indigenous human rights. Convention no. 169 of the International Labor Organization is elementary, as it structured the right to difference, taking human rights based on a universal perspective to understand cultural differences must be taken into account so that minority groups such as indigenous peoples can be protected. Thus, a multicultural vision of human rights is adopted, in which the universal character of human rights is recognized, but it is understood that Convention no. 169 of the International Labor Organization, the United Nations Declaration on Indigenous Rights (2007) and the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples of the Organization of American States (2016) are the result of the international understanding that, in order to protect some groups, one must It is necessary to understand them in accordance with their culture, as this differentiates the contents of rights considered universal. As a secondary contribution, there is the Federal Constitution of 1988, which enabled the internalization of human rights in the Brazilian regulatory system, making Brazil a signatory of human rights documents, and made possible the incorporation of the InterAmerican Convention on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Humans. The general objective of the research is to investigate the construction of human rights, with an emphasis on indigenous human rights. And, as a specific objective, there is the analysis of the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and of Brazil, in the sense that this regional court, which consolidated a broad jurisprudence protecting territorial indigenous human rights, and Brazil, by submitting to its jurisdiction, has the duty to respect the decisions rendered by the same in the face of its demands before the court. Thus, it starts with the following hypothetical question: how was the construction of human rights around indigenous peoples and how did Brazil become a signatory to the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights and the decisions handed down by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights? This question is intended to be answered using methodological procedures that include a primary (legislation) and secondary (theoretical and complementary texts) bibliographic survey and secondary qualitative and quantitative data.
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Palavras-chave
Direitos humanos indígenas, Direito indígena à terra, Convenção Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, Convenção n. 169 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, Indigenous human rights, Indigenous right to land, Inter-American Convention on Human Rights, Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Convention no. 169 of the International Labor Organization
Como citar
MORAES, Julia Thais de Assis. Uma análise do direito às terras indígenas na perspectiva dos direitos humanos: o Brasil e a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2022.