Sistema híbrido solar-biogás de geração de eletricidade para uma indústria de laticínios: aspectos energéticos, econômicos e ambientais
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Data
2020-12-14
Autores
Pertile, Luciano Calegari Burghi
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A partir da Revolução Industrial a emissão de gases poluentes na atmosfera aumentou
consideravelmente agravando o excessivo efeito estufa no planeta, assim, isso motiva
pesquisadores a procurar fontes alternativas de geração de eletricidade. Uma das tecnologias
de produção de energia elétrica são os sistemas híbridos solar-biogás, pois, além de usarem
recursos renováveis, podem abastecer regiões isoladas brasileiras. Deste modo, a pesquisa
deste Trabalho de Graduação baseia-se em dimensionar e analisar a utilização de um sistema
híbrido gerador que engloba o uso de placas solares fotovoltaicas e motores de combustão
interna a biogás para a geração de eletricidade renovável ou bioeletricidade para uma suposta
indústria de laticínios em uma localidade na região do nordeste brasileiro. Foram
considerados na pesquisa estudos de viabilidade energéticos, econômicos e ambientais de
implementação. O sistema fotovoltaico foi dimensionado com 260 módulos e uma potência
de 85,80 kW onde geraria 453,26 kWh por dia, enquanto o grupo motor-gerador a biogás
possui 51,00 kW no regime contínuo de operação e produziria 612,00 kWh por dia com uma
operação de 12 horas diárias. Para a viabilidade de implementação do sistema proposto faz-se
necessário que a indústria tenha ao menos 462 bovinos leiteiros, onde houve retorno do
investimento a partir de 2 anos de seu funcionamento para uma taxa de juros de 2%, 7% e
12% ao ano. Também mostrou-se viável ambientalmente com uma redução de 1,48% de CO2-
eq por produção de energia elétrica na planta a biogás, e de 59,18% de CO2-eq por energia na
planta fotovoltaica em relação à emissão média do Sistema Integrado Nacional brasileiro
Since the Industrial Revolution the emission of polluting gases into the atmosphere has increased considerably aggravating the excessive greenhouse effect on the planet, thus, this motivates researchers to look for alternative sources of electricity generation. One of the technologies of electric energy production are the solar-biogas hybrid systems because, in addition to using renewable resources, they can supply isolated Brazilian regions. Therefore, this graduation thesis is based on dimensioning and analyzing the use of renewable energy with hybrid applications that encompasses the use of solar photovoltaic plates and internal combustion engines to biogas for the generation of renewable electricity or bioelectricity for a dairy industry in a locality in the northeastern region of Brazil. In the research, energy, economic and environmental feasibility studies for implementation were considered. The photovoltaic system was dimensioned for 260 modules with a power of 85.80 kW where it would generate 453.26 kWh per day, while the biogas motor-generator set has 51.00 kW in continuous operation and would produce 612.00 kWh per day with a 12 hours daily operation. For the feasibility of implementing the proposed system it is necessary that the industry has at least 462 dairy cattle, where there has been a return on investment after 2 years of operation for an interest rate of 2%, 7% and 12% per year. It also proved to be environmentally viable with a reduction of 1.48% of CO2-eq per energy production in the biogas plant, and 59.18% of CO2-eq per energy in the photovoltaic plant in relation to the average emission of the Brazilian National Integrated System
Since the Industrial Revolution the emission of polluting gases into the atmosphere has increased considerably aggravating the excessive greenhouse effect on the planet, thus, this motivates researchers to look for alternative sources of electricity generation. One of the technologies of electric energy production are the solar-biogas hybrid systems because, in addition to using renewable resources, they can supply isolated Brazilian regions. Therefore, this graduation thesis is based on dimensioning and analyzing the use of renewable energy with hybrid applications that encompasses the use of solar photovoltaic plates and internal combustion engines to biogas for the generation of renewable electricity or bioelectricity for a dairy industry in a locality in the northeastern region of Brazil. In the research, energy, economic and environmental feasibility studies for implementation were considered. The photovoltaic system was dimensioned for 260 modules with a power of 85.80 kW where it would generate 453.26 kWh per day, while the biogas motor-generator set has 51.00 kW in continuous operation and would produce 612.00 kWh per day with a 12 hours daily operation. For the feasibility of implementing the proposed system it is necessary that the industry has at least 462 dairy cattle, where there has been a return on investment after 2 years of operation for an interest rate of 2%, 7% and 12% per year. It also proved to be environmentally viable with a reduction of 1.48% of CO2-eq per energy production in the biogas plant, and 59.18% of CO2-eq per energy in the photovoltaic plant in relation to the average emission of the Brazilian National Integrated System
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sistema híbrido solar-biogás, Energia renovável, Dimensionamento de sistema híbrido, Análise energética, Análise econômica, Análise ambiental, Planta a biogás, Planta fotovoltaica, Hybrid solar-biogas system, Renewable energy, Sizing of hybrid system, Energy analysis, Economic analysis, Environmental analysis, Biodigester, Biogas plant, Photovoltaic plant, Energia solar, Energia elétrica – Consumo, Energia - Fontes alternativas