Exodontia total sob anestesia geral em pessoa com deficiência intelectual: revisão simples e relato de casos
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Data
2017-09-21
Autores
Menezes, Mariana da Cruz. [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Pacientes com deficiência intelectual apresentam maiores chances de desenvolver problemas bucais que os que não têm este comprometimento. Doenças periodontais e cáries estão entre as afecções que mais causam desconforto, dor e prejudicam a alimentação, sendo ambas ligadas às dificuldades que pacientes tem de realizar higiene bucal, bem como de seus cuidadores em auxiliá-los. Em muitos casos o cirurgião dentista encontra dificuldades para realizar tratamento odontológico nestes pacientes em consultório em decorrência da dificuldade de manejo, haja visto, que além da deficiência intelectual alguns pacientes apresentam deficiências motoras, porém é limitado o número de profissionais especializados no tratamento de pacientes com estas características. Outro agravante é a dificuldade de compreensão de muitos cuidadores sobre importância da higiene bucal para manutenção dos dentes em boca e que as infeções bucais são fontes de microrganismos patógenos para todo corpo podendo inclusive, causar ou intensificar doenças sistêmicas. As exodontias totais sob anestesia geral em ambiente hospitalar podem ser uma alternativa para tratar pacientes com deficiência. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar casos em que foram realizadas exodontias totais em pacientes do CAOE (Centro de Assistência Odontológica à Pessoa com Deficiência) em ambiente hospitalar sob anestesia geral, bem como correlacionar as indicações destes casos com as publicadas em literatura, por meio de revisão simples. Além disso, destacar a necessidade da Odontologia Hospitalar e a importância da exodontia total como opção de tratamento para a manutenção da saúde bucal e geral de pacientes com deficiência intelectual.
Patients with intellectual disability are more likely to develop oral problems than those who do not have this impairment. Periodontal diseases and caries are among the conditions that most cause discomfort, pain and impair nutrition, both of which are linked to the difficulties that patients have to perform oral hygiene, as well as their caregivers in assisting them. In many cases the dental surgeon has difficulties to perform dental treatment in these patients in the office due to the difficulty of handling, beside, in addition to intellectual disability, some patients have motor deficiencies, however, professionals specialized's number in the treatment of patients with these characteristics are limited. Another aggravating factor is the difficulty of many caregivers in understanding about the importance of oral hygiene for teeth maintenance in the mouth and that oral infections are sources of microorganisms that are pathogenic to the whole body and may even cause or intensify systemic diseases. Total exodontia under general anesthesia in the hospital setting may be an alternative to treat patients with deficiency. Therefore, the objective of this study is to report cases in which total exodontias was performed in CAOE patients in hospital under general anesthesia, as well as to correlate the indications of these cases with those published in the literature, through a simple review. In addition, highlight the need for hospital dentistry and the importance of total extraction as a treatment option for the maintenance of patients's oral and general health with intellectual disability.
Patients with intellectual disability are more likely to develop oral problems than those who do not have this impairment. Periodontal diseases and caries are among the conditions that most cause discomfort, pain and impair nutrition, both of which are linked to the difficulties that patients have to perform oral hygiene, as well as their caregivers in assisting them. In many cases the dental surgeon has difficulties to perform dental treatment in these patients in the office due to the difficulty of handling, beside, in addition to intellectual disability, some patients have motor deficiencies, however, professionals specialized's number in the treatment of patients with these characteristics are limited. Another aggravating factor is the difficulty of many caregivers in understanding about the importance of oral hygiene for teeth maintenance in the mouth and that oral infections are sources of microorganisms that are pathogenic to the whole body and may even cause or intensify systemic diseases. Total exodontia under general anesthesia in the hospital setting may be an alternative to treat patients with deficiency. Therefore, the objective of this study is to report cases in which total exodontias was performed in CAOE patients in hospital under general anesthesia, as well as to correlate the indications of these cases with those published in the literature, through a simple review. In addition, highlight the need for hospital dentistry and the importance of total extraction as a treatment option for the maintenance of patients's oral and general health with intellectual disability.
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Palavras-chave
Incapacidade intelectual, Assistência odontológica, Cirurgia bucal, Anestesia geral, Extração dentária, Tooth extraction