Incidência da varíola, causada por Asperisporium caricae, em folhas de mamoeiros submetidos ao manejo orgânico, em diferentes ambientes de cultivo
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Data
2009-12-01
Autores
Martelleto, Luiz Aurélio Peres
Ribeiro, Raul de Lucena Duarte
Carmo, Margarida Goréte Ferreira do
Sudo-Martelleto, Mariluci
Goes, Antonio de [UNESP]
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ISSN da Revista
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Editor
Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia
Resumo
Mudas de mamoeiro da cultivar Baixinho de Santa Amália foram transplantadas para covas de 40x60x40 cm, em áreas de três estruturas contíguas: (a) estufa sombreada (cobertura de plástico), (b) estufa sombreada + sombrite (cobertura adicional de sombrite com 30% de sombreamento sobre o plástico) e (c) telado (cobertura exclusiva de sombrite 30%). Ao lado de tais estruturas foi implantada uma área de cultivo de mamoeiro em ambiente natural. Os tratos culturais aplicados foram os condizentes às normas técnicas vigentes na agricultura orgânica. As irrigações foram procedidas com mangueira plástica, evitando-se molhar folhas e frutos. Aos 45 dias pós-transplantio e, subseqüentemente, a intervalos mensais, as plantas foram inspecionadas em relação à incidência de lesões foliares causada pelo fungo Asperisporium caricae. Para efeito de análise estatística, após o teste de homogeneidade das variâncias, foram consideradas quatro repetições por ambiente (tratamento), com seis plantas úteis por parcela. O modelo de quantificação da doença indicou efeito altamente significativo dos ambientes protegidos, estufa e estufa sombreada, quanto à incidência de sintomas, em comparação com ambientes de telado e em área natural de cultivo. Durante os 12 meses de avaliações foi constatada alta correlação entre incidência da doença e pluviosidade e umidade relativa do ar. As estruturas cobertas com plástico demonstraram alto potencial de controle de A. caricae, sendo, portanto, recomendáveis no sistema orgânico de produção do mamoeiro.
Transplants of Baixinho de Santa Amália papaya cultivar were grown in three neighboring plant growth facilities: a) greenhouse (covered with plastic sheet); b) shaded greenhouse (with sombrite 30% black screen over the plastic sheet); c) screenhouse (covered with sombrite 30% only). Next to such structures a plot was settled for cultivation under natural environment. Cultural practices were conducted according to technical regulations for organic production. Irrigations were proceeded with plastic hose avoiding to wet leaves and fruits. From the 45th day after transplanting and subsequently at monthly intervals the plants were monitored in relation to incidence of leaf lesions caused by the fungus Asperisporium caricae. For statistical analysis, after homogeneity of variance test, four repetition were considered within each ambient (= treatment), with six individuals for sampling. The model used for disease quantification indicated a highly significant effect of protected environments greenhouse and shaded greenhouse relating the reduction of leaf lesion numbers compared to screenhouse and natural cropping condition. Disease levels maintained a close correlation with rainfall and air relative humidity during the 12 months of evaluations. The plastic-covered structures showed high potential for controlling A. caricae on papaya leaves and may be recommended for papaya production in the organic system.
Transplants of Baixinho de Santa Amália papaya cultivar were grown in three neighboring plant growth facilities: a) greenhouse (covered with plastic sheet); b) shaded greenhouse (with sombrite 30% black screen over the plastic sheet); c) screenhouse (covered with sombrite 30% only). Next to such structures a plot was settled for cultivation under natural environment. Cultural practices were conducted according to technical regulations for organic production. Irrigations were proceeded with plastic hose avoiding to wet leaves and fruits. From the 45th day after transplanting and subsequently at monthly intervals the plants were monitored in relation to incidence of leaf lesions caused by the fungus Asperisporium caricae. For statistical analysis, after homogeneity of variance test, four repetition were considered within each ambient (= treatment), with six individuals for sampling. The model used for disease quantification indicated a highly significant effect of protected environments greenhouse and shaded greenhouse relating the reduction of leaf lesion numbers compared to screenhouse and natural cropping condition. Disease levels maintained a close correlation with rainfall and air relative humidity during the 12 months of evaluations. The plastic-covered structures showed high potential for controlling A. caricae on papaya leaves and may be recommended for papaya production in the organic system.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Carica papaya, organic agriculture, Carica papaya, Agricultura orgânica
Como citar
Summa Phytopathologica. Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, v. 35, n. 4, p. 288-292, 2009.