Descrição da morfologia do primeiro estágio larval dos camarões do gênero Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888 (Caridea, Alpheidae) do litoral do estado de São Paulo, incluindo revisão da morfologia larval de Synalpheus
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Data
2022-05-25
Autores
Santos, Rafael De Carvalho
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Synalpheus é o segundo gênero mais rico e ecologicamente diverso pertencente à família Alpheidae. Espécies de Synalpheus apresentam diferentes tipos de desenvolvimento larval e, apesar disto, informações sobre a sua morfologia larval estão disponíveis apenas para cerca de 9% do total de espécies descritas para o gênero. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever o primeiro estágio larval das espécies Synalpheus antillensis, S. apioceros, S. fritzmuelleri, S. cf. townsendi e Synalpheus sp., amostradas no estado de São Paulo. Além disto, também foi realizada uma revisão da morfologia larval do gênero. Os espécimes foram amostrados ao longo do litoral do estado de São Paulo e a identificação das espécies foi confirmada por meio de análise de distância genética. Os resultados da descrição larval evidenciaram características morfológicas singulares para cada uma das cinco espécies, permitindo a diferenciação e identificação das mesmas no ambiente e contribuindo para a construção de uma chave de identificação para as espécies com ocorrência no litoral brasileiro. Além disto, foram observadas características morfológicas compartilhadas entre as espécies, sendo o pedúnculo antenular com 3 segmentos um possível carácter distintivo para zoeas I de Synalpheus. Para S. fritzmuelleri foram encontradas diferenças morfológicas quando a descrição desenvolvida nesse estudo foi confrontada com a realizada previamente, indicando a necessidade de revisão para as antigas descrições dentro do gênero. As descrições de Synalpheus aqui apresentadas foram comparadas entre si e com outras sete espécies já descritas na literatura. As 12 espécies compartilharam entre si apenas a ausência de espinhos na carapaça, olhos sésseis, e o formato arredondado do telson. As maiores similaridades morfológicas foram encontradas entre as larvas que apresentavam o mesmo tipo de desenvolvimento. Para S. antillensis, S. apioceros, S. fritzmuelleri, S. minus, S. neomeris, S. pectiniger, S. cf. townsendi, S. tumidomanus e Synalpheus sp., o desenvolvimento foi considerado estendido, com eclosão apresentando uma morfologia comumente encontrada em Zoea I de carídeos. Após revisão, para S. biunguiculatus, S. neptunus e S. brooksi foi considerado o desenvolvimento abreviado, entretanto com diferenças na morfologia do primeiro estágio larval entre essas três espécies, o que demonstra a formação de subgrupos morfológicos para este tipo de desenvolvimento larval em Synalpheus. Deste modo, os resultados apresentados contribuem com informações para a taxonomia e história de vida do gênero Synalpheus, ampliando a literatura disponível sobre a morfologia e o desenvolvimento das larvas do gênero, auxiliando no processo de identificação.
Synalpheus is the second most specious and ecologically diverse genus of the Alpheidae family. Synalpheus species present different types of larval development and, nevertheless, information on their larval morphology is available only for about 9% of the total of species described for the genus. This study aims to describe the first larval stage of the species Synalpheus antillensis, S. apioceros, S. fritzmuelleri, S. cf. townsendi, and Synalpheus sp., sampled in the state of São Paulo. Additionally, a review of the larval first larva morphology of the genus was also carried out. The specimens were sampled along the coast of the state of São Paulo and the species identification was confirmed using genetic distance analysis. The results of the larval description showed unique morphological characteristics for each of the five species, allowing their differentiation and identification in the environment, contributing to the construction of an identification key for the species occurring on the Brazilian coast. In addition, morphological characteristics shared between the species were observed, with an antennule with a 3- segmented peduncle being a possible distinctive character for zoeas I of Synalpheus. For S. fritzmuelleri, morphological differences were found when the description in this study was compared with the one carried out previously, indicating the need to review the old descriptions within the genus. The descriptions of Synalpheus presented here were compared with each other and with seven other species already described in the literature. The 12 species shared among themselves only the absence of spines on the carapace, sessile eyes, and the rounded shape of the telson. The greatest morphological similarities were found among larvae that had the same type of development. For S. antillensis, S. apioceros, S. fritzmuelleri, S. minus, S. neomeris, S. pectiniger, S. cf. townsendi, S. tumidomanus, and Synalpheus sp., development was considered extended, showing a morphology commonly found in Zoea I of carideans after hatching. After review, for S. biunguiculatus, S. neptunus and S. brooksi the abbreviated development was considered, however with differences in the morphology of the first larval stage between these three species, which demonstrates the formation of morphological subgroups for this type of larval development in Synalpheus. Thus, the results presented contribute information to the taxonomy and life history of the genus, expanding the available literature on the morphology and development of the larvae of the genus, and helping in the identification process.
Synalpheus is the second most specious and ecologically diverse genus of the Alpheidae family. Synalpheus species present different types of larval development and, nevertheless, information on their larval morphology is available only for about 9% of the total of species described for the genus. This study aims to describe the first larval stage of the species Synalpheus antillensis, S. apioceros, S. fritzmuelleri, S. cf. townsendi, and Synalpheus sp., sampled in the state of São Paulo. Additionally, a review of the larval first larva morphology of the genus was also carried out. The specimens were sampled along the coast of the state of São Paulo and the species identification was confirmed using genetic distance analysis. The results of the larval description showed unique morphological characteristics for each of the five species, allowing their differentiation and identification in the environment, contributing to the construction of an identification key for the species occurring on the Brazilian coast. In addition, morphological characteristics shared between the species were observed, with an antennule with a 3- segmented peduncle being a possible distinctive character for zoeas I of Synalpheus. For S. fritzmuelleri, morphological differences were found when the description in this study was compared with the one carried out previously, indicating the need to review the old descriptions within the genus. The descriptions of Synalpheus presented here were compared with each other and with seven other species already described in the literature. The 12 species shared among themselves only the absence of spines on the carapace, sessile eyes, and the rounded shape of the telson. The greatest morphological similarities were found among larvae that had the same type of development. For S. antillensis, S. apioceros, S. fritzmuelleri, S. minus, S. neomeris, S. pectiniger, S. cf. townsendi, S. tumidomanus, and Synalpheus sp., development was considered extended, showing a morphology commonly found in Zoea I of carideans after hatching. After review, for S. biunguiculatus, S. neptunus and S. brooksi the abbreviated development was considered, however with differences in the morphology of the first larval stage between these three species, which demonstrates the formation of morphological subgroups for this type of larval development in Synalpheus. Thus, the results presented contribute information to the taxonomy and life history of the genus, expanding the available literature on the morphology and development of the larvae of the genus, and helping in the identification process.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Decapoda, Desenvolvimento pós-embrionário, Zoea I, Decapodito, Camarão-estalo, Post-embryonic development, Decapodid, Snapping shrimp