A influência das variáveis econômicas, culturais e sociais na representação da saúde bucal: autopercepção entre vestibulandos
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Data
2019-09-27
Autores
Oliveira, Gabriela Vasconcelos de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Toda representação social é apropriada pelo individuo e pelo grupo, reconstruída no seu sistema cognitivo, integrada ao seu sistema de valores, dependente de sua história e do contexto social e ideológico no qual está inserido. Considera-se, portanto, que é essa realidade apropriada e reestruturada que constitui a própria realidade para o individuo e para o grupo. Toda representação é, portanto, uma forma de visão global e unitária de um objeto. Essa representação possibilita a reestruturação da realidade de modo a permitir uma integração simultânea das características objetivas do objeto, das experiências anteriores do individuo e do seu sistema de atitudes e de normas. Dessa forma, reconhece-se uma certa visão funcional do mundo uma vez que a representação permitiria, ao individuo e ao grupo, dar um sentido as suas condutas e à compreensão da realidade através do seu próprio sistema de referências, portanto adaptar-se ao mesmo e posicionar-se. Vista desta forma, a representação é concebida como uma forma de conhecimento, socialmente elaborada e compartilhada, com um alcance prático que contribui para a construção de uma realidade comum a um conjunto social. Ela é o produto e o processo de uma atividade mental, através da qual um indivíduo ou um grupo reconstitui o real com o qual ele é confrontado e atribui a ele um significado especifico. Assim concebida, a representação não é um simples reflexo da realidade, mas uma organização significativa que depende, ao mesmo tempo, de fatores contingentes - natureza e dificuldades colocadas pela situação, contexto imediato, finalidade da situação - e de fatores mais gerais que ultrapassam a própria situação - contexto social e ideológico, lugar do individuo na organização social, história do individuo e do grupo, relações de poder socialmente estabelecidas. Nas suas relações com as praticas, a representação funciona como um sistema de interpretação da realidade que rege as relações dos indivíduos com seu ambiente físico e social determinando, desta forma, suas práticas; pode-se caracterizá-la, ainda, como um guia para a ação, uma vez que ela orienta as ações e as relações sociais; finalmente, deve-se considerá-la como um sistema de pre-decodificação da realidade, porque ela determina um conjunto de antecipações e de expectativas. Com base no exposto, o propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência das variáveis econômicas, culturais e sociais na representação da saúde bucal de vestibulandos do Cursinho Pré-Vestibular da FOA/UNESP. A amostra constou de 109 alunos, 41 do sexo masculino e 68 do sexo feminino, com idade entre 15 e 34 anos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram como perfil dos vestibulandos 63% do sexo feminido, 64% da raça branca, 27,5% com renda familiar de 2 salários mínimos e 25,% com escolha de vestibular na área biológica. Quando questionados sobre palavras relacionadas à saúde bucal, os vestibulando do sexo feminino apontaram flúor (76%), higine (71%) e dentista (65%). Para o sexo masculino as palavras escolhidas foram cárie(66%) aparelho(59%) creme dental (40%). Quando questionados sobre palavras relacionadas às doenças da boca, o sexo feminino escolheu falta de higiene (89%), bruxismo (77%) e gengivite (65%), enquanto o sexo masculino selecionou canal (64%), extração (50%) e câncer (45%). 78% dos vestibulandos do sexo masculino e 97% dos vestibulandos do sexo feminino compreendem a qualidade de vida, seguida da facilidade de relacionamento interpessoal/convivência e popularidade como os benefícios obtidos pela saúde bucal. Com base nos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que o contexto social, econômico e cultural dos pré-vestibulandos influencia a autopercepção da saúde bucal.
Every social representation is appropriated by the individual and by the group, reconstructed in its cognitive system, integrated to its value system, dependent on its history and the social and ideological context in which it is inserted. It is, therefore, considered that it is this appropriate and restructured reality that constitutes reality itself for the individual and for the group. All representation is, therefore, a form of global and unitary vision of an object. This representation enables the restructuring of reality in order to allow a simultaneous integration of the objective characteristics of the object, the previous experiences of the individual and his system of attitudes and norms. In this way, a certain functional vision of the world is recognized since the representation would allow the individual and the group to give meaning to their behaviors and to the understanding of reality through their own system of references, thus adapting to the same and position yourself. Viewed in this way, representation is conceived as a form of knowledge, socially elaborated and shared, with a practical reach that contributes to the construction of a reality common to a social set. It is the product and process of a mental activity, through which an individual or a group reconstitutes the real with which it is confronted and attributes to it a specific meaning. Thus conceived, representation is not simply a reflection of reality, but a meaningful organization that depends at the same time on contingent factors - nature and difficulties posed by the situation, immediate context, purpose of the situation - and more general factors that go beyond own situation - social and ideological context, place of the individual in social organization, individual and group history, social relations established. In its relations with practices, representation functions as a system of interpretation of reality that governs the relations of individuals with their physical and social environment, thus determining their practices; it can be characterized as a guide to action, since it guides social actions and relationships; finally, it should be considered as a system of pre-decoding reality because it determines a set of anticipations and expectations. Based on the above, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of economic, cultural and social variables on the buccal oral health representation of the Pre-Vestibular Cursillo of FOA / UNESP. Based on the above, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of economic, cultural and social variables on the oral health representation of college students from the FOA / UNESP Pre-College Entrance Exam. The sample consisted of 109 students, 41 male and 68 female, aged between 15 and 34 years. The obtained results showed that 63% of female students, 64% white, 27.5% with family income of 2 minimum wages and 25,% with choice of college entrance exams in the biological area. When asked about words related to oral health, female college students indicated fluoride (76%), hygienic (71%) and dentist (65%). For males, the chosen words were caries (66%) braces (59%) toothpaste (40%). When asked about words related to mouth diseases, females chose poor hygiene (89%), bruxism (77%) and gingivitis (65%), while males selected canal (64%), extraction (50%) and cancer (45%). 78% of male college students and 97% of female college students understand quality of life, followed by ease of interpersonal relationship / coexistence and popularity as the benefits obtained by oral health. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the social, economic and cultural context of pre-university students influences the self-perception of oral health.
Every social representation is appropriated by the individual and by the group, reconstructed in its cognitive system, integrated to its value system, dependent on its history and the social and ideological context in which it is inserted. It is, therefore, considered that it is this appropriate and restructured reality that constitutes reality itself for the individual and for the group. All representation is, therefore, a form of global and unitary vision of an object. This representation enables the restructuring of reality in order to allow a simultaneous integration of the objective characteristics of the object, the previous experiences of the individual and his system of attitudes and norms. In this way, a certain functional vision of the world is recognized since the representation would allow the individual and the group to give meaning to their behaviors and to the understanding of reality through their own system of references, thus adapting to the same and position yourself. Viewed in this way, representation is conceived as a form of knowledge, socially elaborated and shared, with a practical reach that contributes to the construction of a reality common to a social set. It is the product and process of a mental activity, through which an individual or a group reconstitutes the real with which it is confronted and attributes to it a specific meaning. Thus conceived, representation is not simply a reflection of reality, but a meaningful organization that depends at the same time on contingent factors - nature and difficulties posed by the situation, immediate context, purpose of the situation - and more general factors that go beyond own situation - social and ideological context, place of the individual in social organization, individual and group history, social relations established. In its relations with practices, representation functions as a system of interpretation of reality that governs the relations of individuals with their physical and social environment, thus determining their practices; it can be characterized as a guide to action, since it guides social actions and relationships; finally, it should be considered as a system of pre-decoding reality because it determines a set of anticipations and expectations. Based on the above, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of economic, cultural and social variables on the buccal oral health representation of the Pre-Vestibular Cursillo of FOA / UNESP. Based on the above, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of economic, cultural and social variables on the oral health representation of college students from the FOA / UNESP Pre-College Entrance Exam. The sample consisted of 109 students, 41 male and 68 female, aged between 15 and 34 years. The obtained results showed that 63% of female students, 64% white, 27.5% with family income of 2 minimum wages and 25,% with choice of college entrance exams in the biological area. When asked about words related to oral health, female college students indicated fluoride (76%), hygienic (71%) and dentist (65%). For males, the chosen words were caries (66%) braces (59%) toothpaste (40%). When asked about words related to mouth diseases, females chose poor hygiene (89%), bruxism (77%) and gingivitis (65%), while males selected canal (64%), extraction (50%) and cancer (45%). 78% of male college students and 97% of female college students understand quality of life, followed by ease of interpersonal relationship / coexistence and popularity as the benefits obtained by oral health. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the social, economic and cultural context of pre-university students influences the self-perception of oral health.
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Palavras-chave
Saúde bucal, Estudantes de odontologia, Critérios de admissão escolar, Oral health